PMID- 37993605
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231127
LR  - 20231220
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Nov 22
TI  - Changes in discourse on unmet need for family planning among married women in 
      India: evidence from NFHS-5 (2019-2021).
PG  - 20464
LID - 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9 [doi]
LID - 20464
AB  - Unmet needs for contraception in India have declined over time but the rate has 
      not been uniform among women across geographies and socio-economic strata. 
      Identifying the characteristics of women in communities where unmet need is still 
      high is important to devise appropriate strategies to ensure access and uptake of 
      modern contraceptive methods. The current study examined whether there was a 
      national decline in unmet need over time and if regional disparities exist in 
      unmet need. Demographic variations in unmet need based on factors such as 
      maternal age, education, religion, caste, wealth index quintile, family size, and 
      access to antenatal care (ANC) were also documented. Our approach was to document 
      the prevalence of total unmet need for family planning and unmet need for spacing 
      among married Indian women and quantify variability based on socio-economic and 
      demographic drivers within a hierarchal framework, thus providing both macro and 
      micro perspectives. We used data from the fourth and fifth rounds of the National 
      Family Health Survey (NFHS) collected from all the States and Union Territories 
      (UTs) in India. Quantile regression analysis and multilevel regression techniques 
      were used to understand the predictors for the total unmet need for family 
      planning and the unmet need for spacing. Results show a considerable decline in 
      the prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India from NFHS-4 to 5 (from 
      12.9 to 9.3%) in the last six6 years. The north-eastern states show a significant 
      reduction in unmet need for family planning in Manipur (17.8%), Nagaland (13.5%), 
      and followed by Sikkim (9.1%). The predictors such as years of schooling, place 
      of residence, caste, religion, wealth quintile, number of antenatal care (ANC) 
      visits, and children ever born have a significant association with unmet needs 
      for family planning and spacing among married women in India. There is a 
      significant association between years of schooling with the total unmet needs for 
      family planning at (q25) quantiles and the unmet need for spacing at (q25, q50) 
      quantiles. Results reveal that the demand for unmet need for spacing and limiting 
      was the highest among the women in the age categories 15-19 (17.8%) and 20-24 
      (17.3%). The demand for limiting was the highest (6.8%) among Muslim women. 
      Across wealth quantile categories, the overall unmet demand (11.4%) for spacing 
      and limiting was the highest among the women in the lowest socioeconomic groups. 
      We conclude that greater access to frontline health workers among young wives, 
      and significant investment in education in general, will continue to reduce the 
      unmet needs for family planning in India.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Singh, S K
AU  - Singh SK
AD  - Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
FAU - Kashyap, G C
AU  - Kashyap GC
AD  - Institute of Health Management Research, Bangalore, 560105, India.
FAU - Sharma, Himani
AU  - Sharma H
AD  - Department of Survey Research and Data Analytics, International Institute for 
      Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India. himani.sharma446@gmail.vom.
FAU - Mondal, Sudipta
AU  - Mondal S
AD  - Measurement, Learning and Evaluation, Project Concern International (PCI), New 
      Delhi, 110020, India.
FAU - Legare, C H
AU  - Legare CH
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Applied Cognitive Science, Population 
      Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231122
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Family Planning Services
MH  - India
MH  - *Contraception
MH  - Marriage
MH  - Family Characteristics
PMC - PMC10665352
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/11/23 00:42
MHDA- 2023/11/27 12:42
PMCR- 2023/11/22
CRDT- 2023/11/22 23:42
PHST- 2022/08/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/27 12:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/23 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/22 23:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9 [pii]
AID - 47191 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2023 Nov 22;13(1):20464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47191-9.