PMID- 37998038
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231126
IS  - 2079-7737 (Print)
IS  - 2079-7737 (Electronic)
IS  - 2079-7737 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 11
DP  - 2023 Nov 16
TI  - Toll-like Receptor 9 Gene in the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the 
      Saudi Arabian Population.
LID - 10.3390/biology12111439 [doi]
LID - 1439
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is a complex disease with a wide range of manifestations. 
      Diabetes, notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is becoming more common in 
      Saudi Arabia as a result of obesity and an aging population. T2DM is classified 
      as a noncommunicable disease, and its incidence in the Saudi population continues 
      to grow as a consequence of socioeconomic changes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are 
      innate immune receptors that mediate the inflammatory response in diabetes 
      mellitus. Previous studies have documented the relationship between different 
      SNPs in the TLR9 gene in different forms of diabetes. As a result, the purpose of 
      this study was to investigate the relationship between rs187084, rs352140, and 
      rs5743836 SNPs in the TLR9 gene among T2DM patients in the Saudi population. This 
      was a case-control study that included 100 T2DM cases and 100 control subjects. 
      The three SNPs were identified in the study population (n = 200) using polymerase 
      chain reaction (PCR), restriction enzymes for rs352140, and Sanger sequencing for 
      rs187084 and rs5783836. Next, statistical analyses were performed using various 
      software to determine the association between the SNPs and T2DM. rs187084 and 
      rs5743836 were associated with an increased risk of T2DM development. rs187084 
      and rs5743836 allelic frequencies were associated with a 3.2 times increased risk 
      of T2DM development (p < 0.05). DBP was associated with T2DM (p = 0.02). rs187084 
      was associated with TC and HDLc; rs352140 was associated with DBP, HbA1c, and 
      HDLc; rs5743836 was associated with waist (p < 0.05). The CGT haplotype was 
      strongly associated with T2DM (p < 0.003). Gene-gene interaction, graphical 
      presentation, and dendrogram showed the strong association with T2DM patients (p 
      < 0.05). This study concluded that rs187084 and rs5743836 were strongly 
      associated with T2DM in Saudi Arabian patients. This study provides further 
      evidence that SNPs in the TLR9 gene play a significant role in T2DM development 
      in a Saudi community.
FAU - Alkudmani, Zeina S
AU  - Alkudmani ZS
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alzailai, Aminah Ahmad
AU  - Alzailai AA
AUID- ORCID: 0009-0004-8611-8700
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Aburisheh, Khaled H
AU  - Aburisheh KH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9528-6993
AD  - University Diabetes Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud 
      University, Riyadh 11472, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alshammary, Amal F
AU  - Alshammary AF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2136-4001
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Ali Khan, Imran
AU  - Ali Khan I
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9746-5300
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
GR  - RSPD2023R735/The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the 
      Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2023R735), King Saud University, 
      Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for funding this project./
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231116
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biology (Basel)
JT  - Biology
JID - 101587988
PMC - PMC10669332
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - TLR9 gene
OT  - diabetes mellitus
OT  - rs187084
OT  - rs352140
OT  - rs5743836
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus/T2DM
COIS- All the authors declare, there is no conflict of Interest towards this 
      manuscript.
EDAT- 2023/11/24 12:43
MHDA- 2023/11/24 12:44
PMCR- 2023/11/16
CRDT- 2023/11/24 09:33
PHST- 2023/09/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/24 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/24 12:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/24 09:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biology12111439 [pii]
AID - biology-12-01439 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biology12111439 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biology (Basel). 2023 Nov 16;12(11):1439. doi: 10.3390/biology12111439.