PMID- 37998856
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240210
IS  - 2309-608X (Electronic)
IS  - 2309-608X (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 11
DP  - 2023 Oct 26
TI  - Dendritic Cells: Multifunctional Roles in Host Defenses to Cryptococcus 
      Infections.
LID - 10.3390/jof9111050 [doi]
LID - 1050
AB  - Fungal infections are an increasingly growing public health concern, and 
      Cryptococcus is one of the most problematic fungal organisms causing substantial 
      mortality and morbidity worldwide. Clinically, this high incidence of 
      cryptococcosis is most commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, especially 
      those who lack an adaptive T cell response, such as HIV/AIDS patients. However, 
      patients with other underlying immunodeficiencies are also at an increased risk 
      for cryptococcosis. The adaptive immune response, in particular the Th1/Th17 
      T-cell-mediated responses, to pulmonary Cryptococcus infections are required for 
      host protection. Dendritic cells (DCs), encompassing multiple subsets identified 
      to date, are recognized as the major professional antigen-presenting cell (APC) 
      subset essential for the initiation and execution of T-cell immunity. Apart from 
      their prominent role in orchestration of the adaptive arm of the immune defenses, 
      DCs are fully armed cells from the innate immune system capable of the 
      recognition, uptake, and killing of the fungal cells. Thus, DCs serve as a 
      critical point for the endpoint outcomes of either fungal control or unrestrained 
      fungal infection. Multiple studies have shown that DCs are required for 
      anti-cryptococcal defense in the lungs. In addition, the role of DCs in 
      Cryptococcus gattii infections is just starting to be elucidated. C. gattii has 
      recently risen to prominence with multiple outbreaks in the US and Canada, 
      demonstrating increased virulence in non-immunocompromised individuals. C. gattii 
      infection fails to generate an inflammatory immune response or a protective 
      Th1/Th17 T cell response, at least in part, through a lack of proper DC function. 
      Here we summarize the multiple roles of DCs, including subsets of DCs in both 
      mouse and human models, the roles of DCs during cryptococcal infection, and 
      mechanisms by cryptococcal cells to attempt to undermine these host defenses.
FAU - Goughenour, Kristie D
AU  - Goughenour KD
AD  - Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA 
      Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
AD  - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal 
      Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
FAU - Nair, Ayesha S
AU  - Nair AS
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 
      Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
FAU - Xu, Jintao
AU  - Xu J
AD  - Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA 
      Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
AD  - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal 
      Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
FAU - Olszewski, Michal A
AU  - Olszewski MA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7474-0843
AD  - Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Health System, Ann Arbor VA 
      Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
AD  - Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal 
      Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
FAU - Wozniak, Karen L
AU  - Wozniak KL
AD  - Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, 
      Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - IK2 BX006208/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - IK6 BX003615/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - I01 BX000656/BX/BLRD VA/United States
GR  - 1P20GM134973-01/NH/NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P20 GM134973/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 HL007749/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231026
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - J Fungi (Basel)
JT  - Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101671827
PMC - PMC10672120
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cryptococcus
OT  - dendritic cells
OT  - fungi
OT  - immunity
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/11/24 12:42
MHDA- 2023/11/24 12:43
PMCR- 2023/10/26
CRDT- 2023/11/24 09:38
PHST- 2023/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/10/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/24 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/24 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/24 09:38 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - jof9111050 [pii]
AID - jof-09-01050 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/jof9111050 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Fungi (Basel). 2023 Oct 26;9(11):1050. doi: 10.3390/jof9111050.