PMID- 38008334
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240118
LR  - 20240118
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 912
DP  - 2024 Feb 20
TI  - Gestodene causes masculinization of the western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis): 
      Insights from ovary metabolomics.
PG  - 168693
LID - S0048-9697(23)07321-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168693 [doi]
AB  - Gestodene (GES) is a common synthetic progesterone frequently detected in aquatic 
      environments. Chronic exposure to GES can cause masculinization of a variety of 
      fish; however, whether metabolism is closely related to the masculinization has 
      yet to be explored. Hence, the ovary metabolome of adult female western 
      mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) after exposing to GES (0.0, 5.0, 50.0, and 
      500.0 ng/L) for 40 days was analyzed by using high-performance liquid 
      chromatography ionization with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry 
      (HPLC-QTOF-MS). The results showed that GES increased the levels of cysteine, 
      taurine, ophthalmic acid and cAMP while decreased methionine, these metabolites 
      changes may owing to the oxidative stress of the ovaries; while taurcholic acid 
      and uric acid were decreased along with induced oocyte apopotosis. Steroids 
      hormone metabolism was also significantly affected, with progesterone and 
      cortisol being the most affected. Enzyme-linked immunoassay results showed that 
      estradiol levels were decreased while testosterone levels were increased with GES 
      exposure. In addition, correlation analysis showed that the differential 
      metabolites of some amino acids (e.g. leucine) were strongly correlated with the 
      levels of steroids hormones secreted by the pituitary gland. The results of this 
      study suggest that GES affects ovarian metabolism via the 
      hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes, impair 
      antioxidant capacity, induce apoptosis in the ovary of G. affinis, and finally 
      caused masculinization.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Li, Yelin
AU  - Li Y
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Tan, Zhiqing
AU  - Tan Z
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of 
      Life Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526000, China.
FAU - Zuo, Peiyu
AU  - Zuo P
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Li, Maorong
AU  - Li M
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
FAU - Hou, Liping
AU  - Hou L
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China. 
      Electronic address: houliping7710@163.com.
FAU - Wang, Xiaolan
AU  - Wang X
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China. 
      Electronic address: wxl1972@gzhu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231124
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - 1664P6E6MI (Gestodene)
RN  - 0 (Steroids)
RN  - 0 (Norpregnenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - *Ovary
MH  - Progesterone/metabolism
MH  - Steroids/metabolism
MH  - *Cyprinodontiformes/metabolism
MH  - *Norpregnenes
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gambusia affinis
OT  - Gestodene
OT  - HPA axis
OT  - HPG axis
OT  - Metabolism
OT  - Ovary
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/11/27 00:43
MHDA- 2024/01/18 06:42
CRDT- 2023/11/26 19:27
PHST- 2023/09/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/18 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/27 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/26 19:27 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(23)07321-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168693 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2024 Feb 20;912:168693. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168693. 
      Epub 2023 Nov 24.