PMID- 38008609
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240408
LR  - 20240408
IS  - 1879-0828 (Electronic)
IS  - 0953-6205 (Linking)
VI  - 122
DP  - 2024 Apr
TI  - Management of cardiovascular risk in patients with metabolic 
      dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
PG  - 28-34
LID - S0953-6205(23)00409-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.012 [doi]
AB  - The novel term Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) 
      is proposed to replace non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to highlight the 
      close association with the metabolic syndrome. MASLD encompasses patients with 
      liver steatosis and at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors which 
      implies that these patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease 
      (CVD). Indeed, the prevalence of CVD in MASLD patients is increased and CVD is 
      recognized as the most common cause of death in MASLD patients. We here present 
      an update on the pathophysiology of CVD in MASLD, discuss the risk factors, and 
      suggest screening for CVD in patients with MASLD. Currently, there is no 
      FDA-approved pharmacological treatment for MASLD, and no specific treatment 
      recommended for CVD in patients with MASLD. Thus, the treatment strategy is based 
      on weight loss and a reduction and treatment of CVD risk factors. We recommend 
      screening of MASLD patients for CVD using the SCORE2 system with guidance to 
      specific treatment algorithms. In all patients with CVD risk factors, lifestyle 
      intervention to induce weight loss through diet and exercise is recommended. 
      Especially a Mediterranean diet may improve hyperlipidemia and if further 
      treatment is needed, statins should be used as first-line treatment. Further, 
      anti-hypertensive drugs should be used to treat hypertension. With the epidemic 
      of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) the risk of MASLD and CVD is 
      expected to increase, and preventive measures, screening, and effective 
      treatments are highly needed to reduce morbidity and mortality in MASLD patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Mellemkjaer, Anders
AU  - Mellemkjaer A
AD  - Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 
      Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Kjaer, Mikkel Breinholt
AU  - Kjaer MB
AD  - Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 
      Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Haldrup, David
AU  - Haldrup D
AD  - Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 
      Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
FAU - Gronbaek, Henning
AU  - Gronbaek H
AD  - Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 
      Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. 
      Electronic address: henngroe@rm.dk.
FAU - Thomsen, Karen Louise
AU  - Thomsen KL
AD  - Department of Hepatology & Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, 
      Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231125
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Intern Med
JT  - European journal of internal medicine
JID - 9003220
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - *Metabolic Diseases
MH  - Heart Disease Risk Factors
MH  - *Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications/therapy
MH  - Weight Loss
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest Anders Mellemkjaer: No conflicts of interest. 
      David Haldrup: No conflicts of interest. Mikkel Breinholt Kjaer: No conflicts of 
      interest. Karen Louise Thomsen: Research grants: NOVO Nordisk Foundation. 
      Advisory board: NOVO Nordisk. Henning Gronbaek: Research grants: Abbvie, 
      Intercept, ARLA Food for Health, ADS AIPHIA Development Services AG; Consulting 
      Fees: Ipsen, NOVO Nordisk, Pfizer; Lecturer: AstraZeneca, NOVO Nordisk, EISAI; 
      Data Monitoring Committee: CAMURUS AB.
EDAT- 2023/11/27 00:43
MHDA- 2024/04/08 06:43
CRDT- 2023/11/26 21:58
PHST- 2023/09/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/04/08 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/27 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/26 21:58 [entrez]
AID - S0953-6205(23)00409-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Intern Med. 2024 Apr;122:28-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.11.012. Epub 2023 
      Nov 25.