PMID- 38021644
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231201
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - The Hidden Threat: Endocrine Disruptors and Their Impact on Insulin Resistance.
PG  - e47282
LID - 10.7759/cureus.47282 [doi]
LID - e47282
AB  - The association between Insulin resistance, a global health issue, and endocrine 
      disruptors (EDCs), chemicals interfering with the endocrine system, has sparked 
      concern in the scientific community. This article provides a comprehensive review 
      of the existing literature regarding the intricate relationship between EDCs and 
      insulin resistance. Phthalates, commonly found in consumer products, are 
      well-established EDCs with documented effects on insulin-signaling pathways and 
      metabolic processes. Epidemiological studies have connected phthalate exposure to 
      an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Perfluoroalkyl substances 
      (PFAS), persistent synthetic compounds, have shown inconsistent associations with 
      T2DM in epidemiological research. However, studies suggest that PFAS may 
      influence insulin resistance and overall metabolic health, with varying effects 
      depending on specific PFAS molecules and study populations. Bisphenol A (BPA), 
      found in plastics and resins, has emerged as a concern for glucose regulation and 
      insulin resistance. Research has linked BPA exposure to T2DM, altered insulin 
      release, obesity, and changes in the mass and function of insulin-secreting 
      beta-cells. Triclosan, an antibacterial agent in personal care products, exhibits 
      gender-specific associations with T2DM risk. It may impact gut microbiota, 
      thyroid hormones, obesity, and inflammation, raising concerns about its effects 
      on metabolic health. Furthermore, environmental EDCs like polycyclic aromatic 
      hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals have demonstrated associations with 
      T2DM, insulin resistance, hypertension, and obesity. Occupational exposure to 
      specific pesticides and heavy metals has been linked to metabolic abnormalities.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Dagar et al.
FAU - Dagar, Mehak
AU  - Dagar M
AD  - Internal Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, IND.
FAU - Kumari, Priya
AU  - Kumari P
AD  - Medicine, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK.
FAU - Mirza, Agha Muhammad Wali
AU  - Mirza AMW
AD  - Internal Medicine, Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, PAK.
FAU - Singh, Shivani
AU  - Singh S
AD  - Medicine, MediCiti Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, IND.
FAU - Ain, Noor U
AU  - Ain NU
AD  - Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, PAK.
AD  - Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK.
FAU - Munir, Zainab
AU  - Munir Z
AD  - Emergency Department, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, PAK.
FAU - Javed, Tamleel
AU  - Javed T
AD  - Emergency Department, Imran Idrees Teaching Hospital, Sialkot, PAK.
FAU - Virk, Muhammad Furqan Ismat
AU  - Virk MFI
AD  - Paediatrics, ABWA Hospital and Research Centre, Faisalabad, PAK.
FAU - Javed, Saleha
AU  - Javed S
AD  - Emergency Department, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, PAK.
FAU - Qizilbash, Farwa Haider
AU  - Qizilbash FH
AD  - Medicine, Dow Medical College and Civil Hospital, Karachi, PAK.
FAU - Kc, Anil
AU  - Kc A
AD  - Medicine and Surgery, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, NPL.
AD  - Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, 
      Fairfield, USA.
FAU - Ekhator, Chukwuyem
AU  - Ekhator C
AD  - Neuro-Oncology, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, 
      Old Westbury, USA.
FAU - Bellegarde, Sophia B
AU  - Bellegarde SB
AD  - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, ATG.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231018
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10656111
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bisphenol a
OT  - endocrine disruptors
OT  - environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals
OT  - heavy metals
OT  - insulin resistance
OT  - perfluoroalkyl substances
OT  - pesticides
OT  - phthalates
OT  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
OT  - triclosan
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/11/29 18:42
MHDA- 2023/11/29 18:43
PMCR- 2023/10/18
CRDT- 2023/11/29 15:09
PHST- 2023/10/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/29 18:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/29 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/29 15:09 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/18 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.47282 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Oct 18;15(10):e47282. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47282. eCollection 2023 
      Oct.