PMID- 38021955
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231201
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 10
DP  - 2023 Oct
TI  - Immediate and Long-Term Adverse Events of COVID-19 Vaccines: A One-Year Follow-Up 
      Study From the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
PG  - e47670
LID - 10.7759/cureus.47670 [doi]
LID - e47670
AB  - Background The administration of COVID-19 vaccines has been critical in 
      controlling the spread of the virus. However, understanding the potential adverse 
      events (AEs) associated with these vaccines is crucial for public health. While 
      most previous studies observed only short-term AEs, this study aimed to 
      investigate the immediate and long-term AEs following the first and second doses 
      of Pfizer, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm vaccines, providing valuable long-term 
      insights. Methodology A prospective, one-year, follow-up study was conducted by 
      tracking 922 vaccinated individuals to assess short-term and long-term AEs. 
      Demographics, clinical characteristics, vaccine types, and dose effects were 
      taken into consideration. AEs were classified based on severity and duration. 
      Statistical analyses were performed to compare differences among the vaccine 
      groups, with p-values <0.05 considered significant. Bowker's and chi-square tests 
      were performed using JMP Pro 14.3.0. Results Of the 922 participants, 55.53% (n = 
      512) were vaccinated with Pfizer, and 23.32% (n = 215) and 21.15% (n = 195) were 
      vaccinated with Sinopharm and AstraZeneca, respectively. Overall, 72.34% of 
      participants (n = 667) were suffering from AEs after the first dose, with a lower 
      prevalence of AEs after the second dose (52.71%, n = 486). Pfizer exhibited the 
      highest percentage and severity of AEs, followed by AstraZeneca and 
      Sinopharm. Most AEs reported in this study were mild and resolved within 72 
      hours, with females experiencing more frequent AEs. The common short-term AEs 
      observed were fever, injection-site pain, myalgia, fatigue, and 
      headache. Notably, there were no chronic AEs, and only one case of myocarditis 
      was associated with AstraZeneca. Conclusions Despite the variation in the 
      prevalence of AEs among the three vaccines, the vaccination process proved to be 
      safe with no serious short-term AEs. However, the long-term AEs associated with 
      AstraZeneca and the decrease in the prevalence of AEs after the second dose of 
      the COVID-19 vaccines warrant further investigations and priority for future 
      research.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Abdulkader et al.
FAU - Abdulkader, Manhal A Sr
AU  - Abdulkader MA Sr
AD  - Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Duhok, Duhok, 
      IRQ.
FAU - Merza, Muayad A
AU  - Merza MA
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, IRQ.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231025
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10671599
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - adverse event
OT  - astrazeneca
OT  - covid-19 vaccine
OT  - kurdistan region of iraq
OT  - long term
OT  - pfizer
OT  - prevention
OT  - sars-cov-2
OT  - short term
OT  - sinopharm
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2023/11/29 18:43
MHDA- 2023/11/29 18:44
PMCR- 2023/10/25
CRDT- 2023/11/29 15:14
PHST- 2023/10/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/11/29 18:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/29 18:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/29 15:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/10/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.47670 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Oct 25;15(10):e47670. doi: 10.7759/cureus.47670. eCollection 2023 
      Oct.