PMID- 38028846
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20231201
LR  - 20240223
IS  - 2008-9872 (Electronic)
IS  - 0365-3439 (Print)
IS  - 0365-3439 (Linking)
VI  - 78
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Jun
TI  - Propolis Silver Nanoparticles as an Adjuvant in Immunization of Rats with 
      Citrobactor Freundii Antigens.
PG  - 973-979
LID - 10.22092/ARI.2022.360089.2548 [doi]
AB  - This study aimed to examine the impact of Citrobacter freundii killed whole cell 
      sonicated antigen (KWCSAg) alone and in combination with propolis nanoparticles 
      on humoral immunoglobulin (IgG) and cellular immune responses of rats. The ELISA 
      interleukin 4 (IL4) and IgG, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, and 
      phagocytosis activity tests were used in this study. In total, 45 rats were 
      divided into five groups of 9 rats. The first group received a 1,000 mug\ml dose 
      of KWCSAg-CF. The second group received an injection of 1,000 mug/ml of KWCSAg-CF 
      antigen and 30 mg/ml of propolis AgNPs. The third group received an injection of 
      1,000 mug/ml of KWCSAg-CF antigen along with 10 mg/ml of propolis AgNPs. The 
      fourth group was subjected to 30 mg/ml of propolis AgNPs. One ml of 
      phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.2) was injected into the fifth group (the 
      negative control group). The rats received booster injections of the same 
      antigens after 14 days. Blood was obtained from them to detect immunoglobulin and 
      interleukin 4 (IL-4) on days 21, 28, 32, 46, 50, and 60 following the injection. 
      The second group showed the most significant rise in IL-4 and IgG concentration, 
      followed by the third group, the first group, and the fourth group, compared to 
      the negative control group (fifth group). In all immunized groups, the DTH test 
      results demonstrated an increase in the means of induration with significant 
      differences (P<0.05) of the concentrated antigen after 24 and 48 h, and 
      subsequently a decrease after 72 h, compared to the negative control group. At 48 
      h after the concentrated antigen was indurated, the second group displayed the 
      most significant increase in diameter.
FAU - Jabbar Sekhi, R
AU  - Jabbar Sekhi R
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Collage, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 
      Iraq.
FAU - Abbas Aboud Al-Samarraae, I
AU  - Abbas Aboud Al-Samarraae I
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Collage, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, 
      Iraq.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230630
PL  - Iran
TA  - Arch Razi Inst
JT  - Archives of Razi Institute
JID - 101549567
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 9009-62-5 (Propolis)
RN  - 3M4G523W1G (Silver)
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
SB  - IM
MH  - Rats
MH  - Animals
MH  - Interleukin-4
MH  - *Propolis
MH  - Silver
MH  - *Metal Nanoparticles
MH  - *Hypersensitivity, Delayed
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic
MH  - Immunization
MH  - Immunoglobulin G
PMC - PMC10657968
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Adjuvant
OT  - Citrobactor Freundii
OT  - Immunization
OT  - Propolis sliver nanoparticales
COIS- The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/11/29 18:43
MHDA- 2023/12/01 06:44
PMCR- 2023/06/30
CRDT- 2023/11/29 17:18
PHST- 2022/09/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/01 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/11/29 18:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/11/29 17:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/06/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ARI-78-3 [pii]
AID - 10.22092/ARI.2022.360089.2548 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Arch Razi Inst. 2023 Jun 30;78(3):973-979. doi: 10.22092/ARI.2022.360089.2548. 
      eCollection 2023 Jun.