PMID- 38035949 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240112 LR - 20240312 IS - 1879-1220 (Electronic) IS - 0960-0760 (Linking) VI - 236 DP - 2024 Feb TI - Expression of the umami taste receptor T1R1/T1R3 in porcine testis of: Function in regulating testosterone synthesis and autophagy in Leydig cells. PG - 106429 LID - S0960-0760(23)00185-1 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106429 [doi] AB - Testosterone is a vital male hormone responsible for male sexual characteristics. The taste receptor family 1 subunit 3 (T1R3) regulates testosterone synthesis and autophagy in non-taste cells, and the links with the taste receptor family 1 subunit 1 (T1R1) for umami perception. However, little is known about these mechanisms. Thus, we aimed to determine the relationship between the umami taste receptor (T1R1/T1R3) and testosterone synthesis or autophagy in testicular Leydig cells of the Xiang pig. There was a certain proportion of spermatogenic tubular dysplasia in the Xiang pig at puberty, in which autophagy was enhanced, and the testosterone level was increased with a weak expression of T1R3. Silenced T1R3 decreased testosterone level and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) content and inhibited the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of testosterone synthesis enzyme genes [steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (3beta-HSD1), cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (CYP17A1) and hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 3 (17beta-HSD3)]. In addition, T1R3 increased the number of acidic autophagy bubbles and upregulated the expression levels of autophagy markers [Microtubule-associated protein 1 A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1] in testicular Leydig cells of the Xiang pig. Using an umami tasting agonist (10 mM L-glutamate for 6 h), the activation of T1R1/T1R3 enhanced the testosterone synthesis ability by increasing the intracellular cAMP level and upregulated the expression levels of StAR, 3beta-HSD1, CYP17A1 and 17beta-HSD3 in Leydig cells. Furthermore, the number of acidic autophagy bubbles decreased in the T1R1/T1R3-activated group with the downregulation of the expression levels of the autophagy markers, including LC3 and Beclin-1. These data suggest that the function of T1R1/T1R3 expressed in testicular Leydig cells of the Xiang pig is related to testosterone synthesis and autophagy. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Gong, Ting AU - Gong T AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. Electronic address: tgong@gzu.edu.cn. FAU - Mu, Qi AU - Mu Q AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Xu, Yongjian AU - Xu Y AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, PR China. FAU - Wang, Weiyong AU - Wang W AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Meng, Lijie AU - Meng L AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Feng, Xianzhou AU - Feng X AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Liu, Wenjiao AU - Liu W AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Ao, Zheng AU - Ao Z AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Zhang, Yiyu AU - Zhang Y AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Chen, Xiang AU - Chen X AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. FAU - Xu, Houqiang AU - Xu H AD - Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, PR China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20231129 PL - England TA - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol JT - The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology JID - 9015483 RN - 0 (Beclin-1) RN - 0 (Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled) RN - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone) SB - IM MH - Male MH - Animals MH - Swine MH - *Taste/physiology MH - *Leydig Cells/metabolism MH - Testis/metabolism MH - Beclin-1 MH - Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics/metabolism MH - Sexual Maturation MH - Testosterone MH - Autophagy OTO - NOTNLM OT - Autophagy OT - CAMP OT - Leydig cells OT - Testosterone synthesis OT - Umami taste receptors COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/12/01 00:43 MHDA- 2024/01/12 06:43 CRDT- 2023/11/30 21:52 PHST- 2023/09/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/10/31 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/11/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/12 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/12/01 00:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/11/30 21:52 [entrez] AID - S0960-0760(23)00185-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106429 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2024 Feb;236:106429. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106429. Epub 2023 Nov 29.