PMID- 38045185
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231205
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 11
DP  - 2023 Nov
TI  - Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine 
      pesticides in the environment.
PG  - e22142
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142 [doi]
LID - e22142
AB  - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely 
      used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological 
      consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs 
      analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification 
      and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and 
      drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture 
      detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are 
      discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, 
      including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of 
      quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and 
      reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural 
      blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for 
      efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored 
      various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, 
      volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are 
      discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European 
      Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for 
      method validation of OCP analytes include </=20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % 
      for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk 
      effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public 
      health regulations.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Ohoro, Chinemerem Ruth
AU  - Ohoro CR
AD  - Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West 
      University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
FAU - Wepener, Victor
AU  - Wepener V
AD  - Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West 
      University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231111
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10692828
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Detection limits
OT  - LOD
OT  - LOQ
OT  - Method development
OT  - Organochlorine pesticides
OT  - Quantification limits
OT  - Review
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2023/12/04 06:42
MHDA- 2023/12/04 06:43
PMCR- 2023/11/11
CRDT- 2023/12/04 04:30
PHST- 2023/07/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/04 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/04 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/04 04:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)09350-7 [pii]
AID - e22142 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Nov 11;9(11):e22142. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142. 
      eCollection 2023 Nov.