PMID- 3806190
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19870318
LR  - 20191101
IS  - 0270-6474 (Print)
IS  - 1529-2401 (Electronic)
IS  - 0270-6474 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 1987 Jan
TI  - Development of learning and memory in Aplysia. II. Habituation and 
      dishabituation.
PG  - 133-43
AB  - The defensive withdrawal reflex of the mantle organs of Aplysia californica 
      exhibits a variety of forms of both nonassociative and associative learning, 
      which can exist in both short- and long-term forms. In addition, the reflex can 
      be readily elicited and quantified as soon as the effector organs (siphon and 
      gill) emerge at their respective developmental stages. Thus, this reflex system 
      provides a useful preparation in which to study the development of learning and 
      memory. In the present series of experiments we investigated the development of 2 
      forms of nonassociative learning, habituation and dishabituation, in the siphon 
      withdrawal component of the reflex. This reflex response could be examined 
      throughout the juvenile life of the animal (stages 9-12) since the reflex is 
      functionally intact as soon as the siphon emerges in stage 9 (Rankin et al., 
      1987). We studied the development of habituation in stages 9-12 using tactile 
      stimuli to the siphon delivered at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 1, 5, 10, 
      and 30 sec. Habituation of siphon withdrawal was evident as early as juvenile 
      stage 9. However, it existed in an immature form: Significant habituation was 
      produced only with a very short (1 sec) ISI. No significant habituation occurred 
      in response to 5 or 10 sec ISIs. Approximately 4 d later, in stage 10, 
      significant habituation occurred to both 1 and 5 sec ISIs but not to a 10 sec 
      ISI. Finally, approximately 1-2 weeks later, in stage 11, significant habituation 
      occurred to 1, 5, and 10 sec ISIs but not to a 30 sec ISI, whereas stage 12 
      juveniles and adults (stage 13) readily habituated to a 30 sec ISI. Thus, there 
      was a systematic developmental trend in the ability of the animals to habituate: 
      Progressively older animals were capable of habituation to stimuli presented at 
      progressively longer intervals. The systematic development of habituation was 
      also evident by examining the amount of habituation exhibited to comparable ISIs 
      by animals at different developmental stages. For all 4 ISIs examined, older 
      animals showed significantly greater habituation than younger animals. Thus, our 
      results show that habituation is present as soon as the siphon response system 
      emerges and that it develops progressively throughout the juvenile life of the 
      animal. Whereas habituation was present in the earliest developmental stage we 
      examined (stage 9), dishabituation (in response to tail shock) did not emerge 
      until 4-7 d later, in stage 10.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
FAU - Rankin, C H
AU  - Rankin CH
FAU - Carew, T J
AU  - Carew TJ
LA  - eng
GR  - 507-RR-0750 15/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - 7-K02-MH00081-09/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Neurosci
JT  - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for 
      Neuroscience
JID - 8102140
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aplysia/growth & development/*physiology
MH  - Habituation, Psychophysiologic/*physiology
MH  - Learning/*physiology
MH  - Memory, Short-Term/physiology
MH  - Physical Stimulation
MH  - Reflex/*physiology
PMC - PMC6568864
EDAT- 1987/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 1987/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 1987/07/01
CRDT- 1987/01/01 00:00
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1987/01/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1987/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-01-00133.1987 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurosci. 1987 Jan;7(1):133-43. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.07-01-00133.1987.