PMID- 38068676
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240218
IS  - 2223-7747 (Print)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Electronic)
IS  - 2223-7747 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 23
DP  - 2023 Nov 30
TI  - Vegetation Indices for Early Grey Mould Detection in Lettuce Grown under 
      Different Lighting Conditions.
LID - 10.3390/plants12234042 [doi]
LID - 4042
AB  - Early detection of pathogenic fungi in controlled environment areas can prevent 
      major food production losses. Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea is often 
      detected as an infection on lettuce. This paper explores the use of vegetation 
      indices for early detection and monitoring of grey mould on lettuce under 
      different lighting conditions in controlled environment chambers. The aim was 
      focused on the potential of using vegetation indices for the early detection of 
      grey mould and on evaluating their changes during disease development in lettuce 
      grown under different lighting conditions. The experiment took place in 
      controlled environment chambers, where day/night temperatures were 21 +/- 2/17 +/- 2 
       degrees C, a 16 h photoperiod was established, and relative humidity was 70 +/- 10% under 
      different lighting conditions: high-pressure sodium (HPS) and light-emitting 
      diode (LED) lamps. Lettuces were inoculated by 7-day-old fungus Botrytis cinerea 
      isolate at the BBCH 21. As a control, non-inoculated lettuces were grown under 
      HPS and LEDs (non-inoculated). Then, the following were evaluated: Anthocyanin 
      Reflectance Index 2 (ARI2); Carotenoid Reflectance Index 2 (CRI2); Structure 
      Intensive Pigment Index (SIPI); Flavanol Reflectance Index (FRI); Greenness (G); 
      Greenness 2 (G2); Redness (R); Blue (B); Blue Green Index 2 (BGI2); Browning 
      Index 2 (BRI2); Lichtenthaler Index 1 (LIC1); Pigment Specific Simple Ratio 
      (PSSRa and PSSRb); Gitelson and Merzlyak (GM1 and GM2); Zarco Tejada-Miller Index 
      (ZMI); Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI); Simple Ratio (SR); Red-Eye 
      Vegetation Stress Index (RVSI); Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI); 
      Photochemical Reflectance Index 515 (PRI515); Water Band Index (WBI); specific 
      disease index for individual study (fD); Healthy Index (HI); Plant Senescence 
      Reflectance (PSRI); Vogelmann Red Edge Index (VREI1); Red Edge Normalized 
      Difference Vegetation Index (RENDVI); and Modified Red Edge Simple Ratio 
      (MRESRI). Our results showed that the PSRI and fD vegetation indices 
      significantly detected grey mould on lettuce grown under both lighting systems 
      (HPS and LEDs) the day after inoculation. The results conclusively affirmed that 
      NDVI, PSRI, HI, fD, WBI, RVSI, PRI, PRI515, CRI2, SIPI, chlorophyll index PSSRb, 
      and coloration index B were identified as the best indicators for Botrytis 
      cinerea infection on green-leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv Little Gem) at the 
      early stage of inoculated lettuce's antioxidative response against grey mould 
      with a significant increase in chlorophyll indices.
FAU - Kupcinskiene, Asta
AU  - Kupcinskiene A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7151-2228
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
FAU - Brazaityte, Ausra
AU  - Brazaityte A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6503-6352
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
FAU - Rasiukeviciute, Neringa
AU  - Rasiukeviciute N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9478-4330
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
FAU - Valiuskaite, Alma
AU  - Valiuskaite A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0496-9647
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
FAU - Morkeliune, Armina
AU  - Morkeliune A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2402-566X
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
FAU - Vastakaite-Kairiene, Viktorija
AU  - Vastakaite-Kairiene V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4724-6644
AD  - Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute of 
      Horticulture, Kaunas Str. 30, LT-54333 Babtai, Lithuania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231130
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Plants (Basel)
JT  - Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101596181
PMC - PMC10871106
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Botrytis cinerea Pers.
OT  - HPS
OT  - LEDs
OT  - inoculation
OT  - leafy vegetables
OT  - non-destructive measurements
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/12/09 10:42
MHDA- 2023/12/09 10:43
PMCR- 2023/11/30
CRDT- 2023/12/09 01:12
PHST- 2023/10/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/09 10:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/09 10:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/09 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - plants12234042 [pii]
AID - plants-12-04042 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/plants12234042 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Plants (Basel). 2023 Nov 30;12(23):4042. doi: 10.3390/plants12234042.