PMID- 38076054
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231211
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Assessment of municipal solid waste from households in Khulna city of Bangladesh.
PG  - e22446
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22446 [doi]
LID - e22446
AB  - Waste management is a major concern for both developed and developing countries, 
      with a particular focus on household waste because it makes up a significant 
      proportion of municipal waste. The aim of this study is to assess the state of 
      solid waste management practice in Khulna, as well as to characterize and 
      quantify municipal solid waste as a step toward effective management. To collect 
      information on the existing waste management methods, structured questionnaires 
      were used to conduct surveys of household residents. In this study, whole wards 
      (31 wards) of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) were clustered in 9 groups and 
      selected one ward from each group. To analyze household waste, 75 households from 
      each ward were selected and collected waste for 7 days. The selected household 
      was categorized into five different socioeconomic strata such as low-income, 
      lower-middle-income, middle-income, higher-middle-income and higher-income 
      families. Besides, the assessment was carried out on the production and 
      characterization of household waste that was produced in KCC. The waste samples 
      were quantified, separated and characterized in the laboratory. Results reveal 
      that biodegradable waste is the most prominent type and its percentage is about 
      81 %. The amount of waste production is positively correlated with income level. 
      The waste generation rate of households for high-income families was 
      0.652 kg/cap/day while this rate got almost half for a low-income family and its 
      value is o.312 kg/cap/day. Source separation of waste plays a vital role to 
      reduce plastic leakage to the SDP. The result shows the proportion of plastic in 
      mixed waste and source-separated waste after sorting by the waste collector was 
      4.04 % and 2.99 %, respectively. Survey results show that 42.96 % of respondents 
      think that the source-separated waste should be collected during the period of 
      12pm to 02pm. A proposed management process was developed for household waste 
      based on the output of this study.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Noman, A A
AU  - Noman AA
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology 
      (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
AD  - Institute of Disaster Management, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology 
      (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
FAU - Rafizul, Islam M
AU  - Rafizul IM
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology 
      (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
FAU - Moniruzzaman, S M
AU  - Moniruzzaman SM
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology 
      (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh.
FAU - Kraft, E
AU  - Kraft E
AD  - Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bauhaus-Universitat Weimar (BUW), Germany.
FAU - Berner, S
AU  - Berner S
AD  - Faculty of Civil Engineering, Bauhaus-Universitat Weimar (BUW), Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231128
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10703612
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Characterization
OT  - Household
OT  - Quantification and socioeconomic
OT  - Solid waste
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2023/12/11 12:43
MHDA- 2023/12/11 12:44
PMCR- 2023/11/28
CRDT- 2023/12/11 06:05
PHST- 2023/08/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/10/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/11 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/11 12:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/11 06:05 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)09654-8 [pii]
AID - e22446 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22446 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Nov 28;9(12):e22446. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22446. 
      eCollection 2023 Dec.