PMID- 38076092
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231211
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Large-scale flow field and aerosol particle transport investigations in a 
      classroom using 2D-Shake-The-Box Lagrangian Particle Tracking.
PG  - e22826
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22826 [doi]
LID - e22826
AB  - Infections with COVID-19 in enclosed public spaces, where virus-laden aerosol 
      particles can accumulate over time, have significantly contributed to the rapid 
      spread of the virus. It is therefore of great importance to understand the 
      transport and dispersion process of aerosol particles in such spaces, especially 
      against the background of future pandemics. In this work, we present a 
      Lagrangian-Particle-Tracking experiment to assess the mixed convective flow in a 
      classroom with different ventilation strategies. For this purpose, thermal plumes 
      were created by heated dummies, and a collimated LED light-sheet with  approximately 0.4 m 
      thickness was used for illumination of helium filled soap bubbles (HFSB) acting 
      as passive tracer particles. In this way, the Lagrangian trajectories of the 
      particles were recorded at two approximately 4.2 m x 2.8 m large fields using the 
      novel 2D-Shake-The-Box-Method. As a result, time-resolved trajectories of over 
      300,000 simultaneously tracked HFSB have been reconstructed, so that both 
      small-scale and large-scale properties of the flow are visualized quantitatively 
      across the entire cross-section of the room. The trajectories show that the 
      thermal plumes create lengthwise circulating vortices, which cannot be destroyed 
      across the entire cross-section of the room by opening or tilting a window. 
      Furthermore, the mixing in the room through the operation of an air purifier is 
      higher compared to opening a window, which suggests that this strategy in 
      combination with its air filtering capability is the most effective strategy to 
      prevent infections.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors.
FAU - Buchwald, Tom
AU  - Buchwald T
AD  - Chair of Image Based Measurement Techniques, Brandenburg University of Technology 
      Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany.
FAU - Hasanuzzaman, Gazi
AU  - Hasanuzzaman G
AD  - Department of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Brandenburg University of 
      Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany.
FAU - Merbold, Sebastian
AU  - Merbold S
AD  - Department of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Brandenburg University of 
      Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany.
FAU - Schanz, Daniel
AU  - Schanz D
AD  - Department of Experimental Methods, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow 
      Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Gottingen, Germany.
FAU - Egbers, Christoph
AU  - Egbers C
AD  - Department of Aerodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, Brandenburg University of 
      Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany.
FAU - Schroder, Andreas
AU  - Schroder A
AD  - Chair of Image Based Measurement Techniques, Brandenburg University of Technology 
      Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany.
AD  - Department of Experimental Methods, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow 
      Technology, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Gottingen, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231127
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10704378
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Aerosol particle spreading
OT  - Covid-19
OT  - Lagrangian-particle-tracking
OT  - Room ventilation
OT  - Shake-the-box
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2023/12/11 12:42
MHDA- 2023/12/11 12:43
PMCR- 2023/11/27
CRDT- 2023/12/11 06:06
PHST- 2023/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/11 12:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/11 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/11 06:06 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)10034-X [pii]
AID - e22826 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22826 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Nov 27;9(12):e22826. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22826. 
      eCollection 2023 Dec.