PMID- 38103108
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20231216
IS  - 1559-0720 (Electronic)
IS  - 0163-4984 (Linking)
DP  - 2023 Dec 16
TI  - Fluoride in Raw Rice (Oryza sativa): a Global Systematic Review and Probabilistic 
      Health Risk Assessment.
LID - 10.1007/s12011-023-04004-4 [doi]
AB  - Rice (Oryza sativa) is one of the essential staple foods highly consumed 
      globally, with nearly 40% to 45% of the global population estimated to consume 
      rice. Therefore, consumable rice should have low levels of harmful elements. This 
      study investigates fluoride (F ) content in raw rice (uncooked rice) and 
      evaluates Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment (PHRA) through Monte Carlo 
      simulation (MCS) due to the consumption of F  enriched rice. The literature 
      review reveals that limited studies have been conducted on the investigation of 
      F  in raw rice. The fluoride (F ) concentration in raw rice varies across the 
      studied countries, indicating the need for additional studies to facilitate a 
      more accurate comparison. The F  content in raw rice varied among the studied 
      countries, making it difficult to definitively state that the concentration of F  
      in one country is higher. However, the concentration of F  in raw rice in India 
      is notably elevated. This study also highlighted the importance of investigating 
      the F  content in raw rice. The study will be highly helpful for policymakers to 
      formulate guidelines for water used for irrigation.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
      Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Ali, Shakir
AU  - Ali S
AD  - Department of Geology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
AD  - CAWTM, MRIIRS, Sector 43, Faridabad, Haryana, 121004, India.
FAU - Mehri, Fereshteh
AU  - Mehri F
AD  - Nutrition Health Research Center, Center of Excellence for Occupational Health, 
      Research Center for Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Hamadan University 
      of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
FAU - Nasiri, Rasul
AU  - Nasiri R
AD  - Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
FAU - Limam, Intissar
AU  - Limam I
AD  - Laboratory of Materials, Treatment and Analysis, National Institute of Research 
      and Physicochemical Analysis, Biotechpole Sidi-Thabet, and High School for 
      Science and Health Techniques of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, 
      Tunisia.
FAU - Fakhri, Yadolah
AU  - Fakhri Y
AD  - Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar 
      Abbas, Iran. ya.fakhri@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231216
PL  - United States
TA  - Biol Trace Elem Res
JT  - Biological trace element research
JID - 7911509
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Fluoride
OT  - Monte Carlo simulation
OT  - Oryza sativa
OT  - Probabilistic Health Risk Assessment
OT  - Rice
EDAT- 2023/12/16 12:42
MHDA- 2023/12/16 12:42
CRDT- 2023/12/16 11:05
PHST- 2023/10/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/16 12:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/16 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/16 11:05 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12011-023-04004-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12011-023-04004-4 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Biol Trace Elem Res. 2023 Dec 16. doi: 10.1007/s12011-023-04004-4.