PMID- 38124206
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231223
IS  - 1348-8945 (Print)
IS  - 1349-4147 (Electronic)
IS  - 1348-8945 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Dec 20
TI  - Efficacy and safety of praziquantel treatment against Schistosoma mansoni 
      infection among pre-school age children in southern Ethiopia.
PG  - 72
LID - 10.1186/s41182-023-00562-4 [doi]
LID - 72
AB  - BACKGROUND: Preventive chemotherapy with a single dose of praziquantel given to 
      an all-at-risk population through mass drug administration is the cornerstone 
      intervention to control and eliminate schistosomiasis as a public health problem. 
      This intervention mainly targets school age children, and pre-school age children 
      (pre-SAC) are excluded from receiving preventive chemotherapy, partly due to 
      scarcity of data on praziquantel treatment outcomes. METHODS: We conducted active 
      efficacy and safety surveillance of praziquantel treatment among 240 Schistosoma 
      mansoni-infected pre-SAC who received a single dose of praziquantel (40 mg/kg) in 
      southern Ethiopia. The study outcomes were egg reduction rates (ERR) and cure 
      rates (CRs) four weeks after treatment using the Kato-Katz technique and 
      treatment-associated adverse events (AEs) that occurred within 8 days 
      post-treatment. RESULTS: The overall ERR was 93.3% (WHO reference 
      threshold >/= 90%), while the CR was 85.2% (95% CI = 80.0-89.5%). Baseline S. 
      mansoni infection intensity was significantly associated with CRs, 100% among 
      light infected than moderate (83.4%) or heavy (29.4%) infected children. An 
      increase of 100 in baseline S. mansoni egg count per gram of stool resulted in a 
      26% (95% CI: 17%, 34%) reduction in the odds of cure. The incidence of 
      experiencing at least one type of AE was 23.1% (95% CI: 18.0%, 29.0%). 
      Stomachache, diarrhea, and nausea were the most common AEs. AEs were 
      mild-to-moderate grade and transient. Pre-treatment moderate (ARR = 3.2, 95% CI: 
      1.69, 6.14) or heavy infection intensity (ARR = 6.5, 95% CI: 3.62, 11.52) was a 
      significant predictor of AEs (p < 0.001). Sex, age, or soil-transmitted helminth 
      coinfections were not significant predictors of CR or AEs. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Single-dose praziquantel is tolerable and effective against S. mansoni infection 
      among pre-SAC, and associated AEs are mostly mild-to-moderate and transient. 
      However, the reduced CR in heavily infected and AEs in one-fourth of S. 
      mansoni-infected pre-SAC underscores the need for safety and efficacy monitoring, 
      especially in moderate-to-high infection settings. Integrating pre-SACs in the 
      national deworming programs is recommended to accelerate the elimination of 
      schistosomiasis as a public health problem.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Tadele, Tafese
AU  - Tadele T
AD  - School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa 
      University, P.O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
FAU - Astatkie, Ayalew
AU  - Astatkie A
AD  - School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa 
      University, P.O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
FAU - Tadesse, Birkneh Tilahun
AU  - Tadesse BT
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa 
      University, P.O. Box 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
FAU - Makonnen, Eyasu
AU  - Makonnen E
AD  - Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College 
      of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, 
      Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
FAU - Aklillu, Eleni
AU  - Aklillu E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9788-0790
AD  - Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University 
      Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. eleni.aklillu@ki.se.
FAU - Abay, Solomon Mequanente
AU  - Abay SM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, 
      Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
LA  - eng
GR  - CSA2016S-1618/European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/
GR  - TMA2018CDF-2345/European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership/
GR  - CSA2016S-1618/Styrelsen for Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231220
PL  - Japan
TA  - Trop Med Health
JT  - Tropical medicine and health
JID - 101215093
PMC - PMC10731898
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cure rate
OT  - Efficacy
OT  - Egg reduction rate
OT  - Ethiopia
OT  - Pharmacovigilance
OT  - Praziquantel
OT  - Pre-school age children
OT  - Safety
OT  - Schistosomiasis, Schistosoma mansoni
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/12/21 06:43
MHDA- 2023/12/21 06:44
PMCR- 2023/12/20
CRDT- 2023/12/21 00:12
PHST- 2023/09/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/21 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/21 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/21 00:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s41182-023-00562-4 [pii]
AID - 562 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s41182-023-00562-4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Trop Med Health. 2023 Dec 20;51(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s41182-023-00562-4.