PMID- 38125279 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20231222 IS - 2398-8835 (Electronic) IS - 2398-8835 (Linking) VI - 6 IP - 12 DP - 2023 Dec TI - A decreased level of high-density lipoprotein is a possible risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A review. PG - e1779 LID - 10.1002/hsr2.1779 [doi] LID - e1779 AB - INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized primarily by dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) play a significant role in preventing the incidence of dyslipidemia and its complications. HDL has different protective functions, such as reducing oxidation, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis; additionally, its anti-diabetic role is one of the most significant recent discoveries about HDL and some of its constituent lipoproteins. METHODS: This research reviews ongoing studies and preliminary investigations into the assessment of relation between decreased level of HDL and T2DM. RESULTS: The levels of HDL and its functions contribute to glucose hemostasis and the development of T2DM through four possible mechanisms, including insulin secretion by beta cells, peripheral insulin sensitivity, non-insulin-dependent glucose uptake, and adipose tissue metabolic activity. Additionally, the anti-oxidant properties of HDL protect beta cells from apoptosis caused by oxidative stress and inflammation induced by low-density lipoprotein, which facilitate insulin secretion. CONCLUSION: Therefore, HDL and its compositions, especially Apo A-I, play an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, and decreased levels of HDL can be considered a risk factor for DM. Different factors, such as hypoalphalipoproteinemia that manifests as a consequence of genetic factors, such as Apo A-I deficiency, as well as secondary causes arising from lifestyle choices and underlying medical conditions that decrease the level of HDL, could be associated with DM. Moreover, intricate connections between HDL and diabetic complications extend beyond glucose metabolism to encompass complications like cardiovascular disease and kidney disease. Therefore, the exact interactions between HDL level and DM should be evaluated in future studies. CI - (c) 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. FAU - Bodaghi, Ali Bayat AU - Bodaghi AB AD - Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. AD - Molecular and Medicine Research Centre Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. FAU - Ebadi, Erfan AU - Ebadi E AD - Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. AD - Molecular and Medicine Research Centre Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. FAU - Gholami, Mohammad Javad AU - Gholami MJ AD - Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. AD - Molecular and Medicine Research Centre Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. FAU - Azizi, Reza AU - Azizi R AD - Molecular and Medicine Research Centre Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. FAU - Shariati, Aref AU - Shariati A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5860-1659 AD - Molecular and Medicine Research Centre Khomein University of Medical Sciences Khomein Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231220 PL - United States TA - Health Sci Rep JT - Health science reports JID - 101728855 PMC - PMC10731824 OTO - NOTNLM OT - apo A-I OT - diabetes OT - high-density lipoproteins OT - prevention COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/12/21 06:42 MHDA- 2023/12/21 06:43 PMCR- 2023/12/20 CRDT- 2023/12/21 04:10 PHST- 2023/09/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/10/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/12/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/12/21 06:43 [medline] PHST- 2023/12/21 06:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/12/21 04:10 [entrez] PHST- 2023/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - HSR21779 [pii] AID - 10.1002/hsr2.1779 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Health Sci Rep. 2023 Dec 20;6(12):e1779. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1779. eCollection 2023 Dec.