PMID- 38133762
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240122
LR  - 20240202
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 4
DP  - 2024 Jan
TI  - Benchmarking of circular economy behaviors for Iraqi energy companies based on 
      engagement modes with green technology and environmental, social, and governance 
      rating.
PG  - 5762-5783
LID - 10.1007/s11356-023-31645-8 [doi]
AB  - Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming are recent issues of upward trend. 
      This study sought to underline the causal relationships between engagement modes 
      with green technology, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) ratio, and 
      circular economy. Our investigation also captured benchmarking of energy 
      companies' circular economy behaviors. A hybrid-stage partial least squares 
      structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) 
      analysis have been adopted. This study collected 713 questionnaires from heads of 
      departments and managers of energy companies. The findings of this study claimed 
      that engagement modes with green technology affect the circular economy and 
      sustainability. The findings revealed that ESG ratings have a mediating role in 
      the nexus among engagement modes with green technology and circular economy. The 
      results of the MCDM application revealed the identification of the best and worst 
      energy companies of circular economy behaviours. This study is exceptional 
      because it is among the first to address the issues of greenhouse gas emissions 
      by providing decisive evidence about the level of circular economy behaviors in 
      energy companies.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Alnoor, Alhamzah
AU  - Alnoor A
AD  - School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, 
      Malaysia. Alhamzah.malik@stu.edu.iq.
AD  - Management Technical College, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq. 
      Alhamzah.malik@stu.edu.iq.
FAU - Chew, XinYing
AU  - Chew X
AD  - School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, 
      Malaysia.
FAU - Khaw, Khai Wah
AU  - Khaw KW
AD  - School of Management, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
FAU - Muhsen, Yousif Raad
AU  - Muhsen YR
AD  - Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.
AD  - Technical Engineering College, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq.
FAU - Sadaa, Abdullah Mohammed
AU  - Sadaa AM
AD  - Graduate School of Business, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
AD  - College of Economics and Administration, University of Anbar, Anbar, Iraq.
LA  - eng
GR  - FRGS/1/2022/STG06/USM/02/4/Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Fundamental 
      Research Grant Scheme/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231222
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - 0 (Greenhouse Gases)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Benchmarking
MH  - *Greenhouse Gases
MH  - Iraq
MH  - Global Warming
MH  - Technology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Circular economy
OT  - ESG rating
OT  - Engagement modes
OT  - Green technology
OT  - Sustainability performance
EDAT- 2023/12/22 12:42
MHDA- 2024/01/22 06:42
CRDT- 2023/12/22 11:19
PHST- 2023/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/22 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/22 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/22 11:19 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-31645-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-023-31645-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Jan;31(4):5762-5783. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-023-31645-8. Epub 2023 Dec 22.