PMID- 38134992 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240208 LR - 20240208 IS - 1879-0003 (Electronic) IS - 0141-8130 (Linking) VI - 258 IP - Pt 1 DP - 2024 Feb TI - 3D printed polylactic acid-based nanocomposite scaffold stuffed with microporous simvastatin-loaded polyelectrolyte for craniofacial reconstruction. PG - 128917 LID - S0141-8130(23)05816-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128917 [doi] AB - Critical sized craniofacial defects are among the most challenging bone defects to repair, due to the anatomical complexity and aesthetic importance. In this study, a polylactic acid/hardystonite-graphene oxide (PLA/HTGO) scaffold was fabricated through 3D printing. In order to upgrade the 3D printed scaffold to a highly porous scaffold, its channels were filled with pectin-quaternized chitosan (Pec-QCs) polyelectrolyte solution containing 0 or 20 mg/mL of simvastatin (Sim) and then freeze-dried. These scaffolds were named FD and FD-Sim, respectively. Also, similar PLA/HTGO scaffolds were prepared and dip coated with Pec-QCs solution containing 0 or 20 mg/mL of Sim and were named DC and DC-Sim, respectively. The formation of macro/microporous structure was confirmed by morphological investigations. The release of Sim from DC-Sim and FD-Sim scaffolds after 28 days was measured as 77.40 +/- 5.25 and 86.02 +/- 3.63 %, respectively. Cytocompatibility assessments showed that MG-63 cells had the highest proliferation, attachment and spread on the Sim containing scaffolds, especially FD-Sim. In vivo studies on a rat calvarial defect model revealed that an almost complete recovery occurred in the group treated with FD-Sim scaffold after 8 weeks and the defect was filled with newly formed bone. The results of this study acknowledge that the FD-Sim scaffold can be a perfect candidate for calvarial defect repair. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Tavakoli, Mohamadreza AU - Tavakoli M AD - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. FAU - Salehi, Hossein AU - Salehi H AD - Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: ho_salehi@med.mui.ac.ir. FAU - Emadi, Rahmatollah AU - Emadi R AD - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: remadi@iut.ac.ir. FAU - Varshosaz, Jaleh AU - Varshosaz J AD - Department of Pharmaceutics, Novel Drug Delivery Systems Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: varshosaz@pharm.mui.ac.ir. FAU - Labbaf, Sheyda AU - Labbaf S AD - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: s.labbaf@iut.ac.ir. FAU - Seifalian, Alexander Marcus AU - Seifalian AM AD - Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd, Nanoloom Ltd, Liberum Health Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, United Kingdom. FAU - Sharifianjazi, Fariborz AU - Sharifianjazi F AD - Department of Natural Sciences, School of Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia. Electronic address: f.sharifianjazi@ug.edu.ge. FAU - Mirhaj, Marjan AU - Mirhaj M AD - Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20231220 PL - Netherlands TA - Int J Biol Macromol JT - International journal of biological macromolecules JID - 7909578 RN - AGG2FN16EV (Simvastatin) RN - 459TN2L5F5 (poly(lactide)) RN - 0 (Polyelectrolytes) RN - 0 (Polyesters) RN - 9012-76-4 (Chitosan) RN - 0 (graphene oxide) RN - 7782-42-5 (Graphite) SB - IM MH - Rats MH - Animals MH - *Simvastatin MH - Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry MH - Polyelectrolytes MH - Bone Regeneration MH - Osteogenesis MH - Polyesters MH - *Chitosan MH - Printing, Three-Dimensional MH - Tissue Engineering MH - *Graphite OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bone tissue scaffold OT - Calvarial defect OT - Quaternized chitosan OT - Simvastatin OT - Three-dimensional printing COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2023/12/23 12:42 MHDA- 2024/02/08 06:42 CRDT- 2023/12/22 19:28 PHST- 2023/09/05 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/11/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/12/18 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/08 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2023/12/23 12:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/12/22 19:28 [entrez] AID - S0141-8130(23)05816-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128917 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Int J Biol Macromol. 2024 Feb;258(Pt 1):128917. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128917. Epub 2023 Dec 20.