PMID- 38139968
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20231225
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 24
DP  - 2023 Dec 15
TI  - High-Density Polyethylene/Carbon Black Composites in Material Extrusion Additive 
      Manufacturing: Conductivity, Thermal, Rheological, and Mechanical Responses.
LID - 10.3390/polym15244717 [doi]
LID - 4717
AB  - High-density polyethylene polymer (HDPE) and carbon black (CB) were utilized to 
      create HDPE/CB composites with different filler concentrations (0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 
      6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 16.0, 20.0, and 24.0 wt.%). The composites were extruded into 
      filaments, which were then utilized to fabricate 3D-printed specimens with the 
      material extrusion (MEX) method, suitable for a variety of standard mechanical 
      tests. The electrical conductivity was investigated. Furthermore, 
      thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were carried out 
      for all the HDPE/CB composites and pure HDPE. Scanning electron microscopy in 
      different magnifications was performed on the specimens' fracture and side 
      surfaces to investigate the morphological characteristics. Rheological tests and 
      Raman spectroscopy were also performed. Eleven different tests in total were 
      performed to fully characterize the composites and reveal connections between 
      their various properties. HDPE/CB 20.0 wt.% showed the greatest reinforcement 
      results in relation to pure HDPE. Such composites are novel in the MEX 3D 
      printing method. The addition of the CB filler greatly enhanced the performance 
      of the popular HDPE polymer, expanding its applications.
FAU - Vidakis, Nectarios
AU  - Vidakis N
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 
      Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Petousis, Markos
AU  - Petousis M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1312-7898
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 
      Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Michailidis, Nikolaos
AU  - Michailidis N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4291-5327
AD  - Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of 
      Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
AD  - Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for 
      Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B', 10th km 
      Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Mountakis, Nikolaos
AU  - Mountakis N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4509-8753
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 
      Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Argyros, Apostolos
AU  - Argyros A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7982-7742
AD  - Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of 
      Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
AD  - Centre for Research & Development of Advanced Materials (CERDAM), Center for 
      Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, Balkan Centre, Building B', 10th km 
      Thessaloniki-Thermi Road, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
FAU - Spiridaki, Mariza
AU  - Spiridaki M
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 
      Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Moutsopoulou, Amalia
AU  - Moutsopoulou A
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 
      Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Papadakis, Vassilis
AU  - Papadakis V
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3188-4577
AD  - Department of Industrial Design and Production Engineering, University of West 
      Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece.
AD  - Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and 
      Technology-Hellas, N. Plastira 100m, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
FAU - Charitidis, Costas
AU  - Charitidis C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1367-7603
AD  - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering 
      NTUA, National Technical University, Iroon Polytechneiou 9, Zografou, 15780 
      Athens, Greece.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231215
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC10747577
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 3D printing
OT  - additive manufacturing
OT  - carbon black
OT  - composites
OT  - electrical conductivity
OT  - high-density polyethylene
OT  - material extrusion
OT  - mechanical properties
OT  - melt flow index
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/12/23 12:43
MHDA- 2023/12/23 12:44
PMCR- 2023/12/15
CRDT- 2023/12/23 01:25
PHST- 2023/11/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/23 12:44 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/23 12:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/23 01:25 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym15244717 [pii]
AID - polymers-15-04717 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym15244717 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2023 Dec 15;15(24):4717. doi: 10.3390/polym15244717.