PMID- 38147293
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20231226
IS  - 1473-4230 (Electronic)
IS  - 1473-4222 (Linking)
DP  - 2023 Dec 26
TI  - Cerebellar Direct Current Stimulation Reveals the Causal Role of the Cerebellum 
      in Temporal Prediction.
LID - 10.1007/s12311-023-01649-8 [doi]
AB  - Temporal prediction (TP) influences our perception and cognition. The cerebellum 
      could mediate this multi-level ability in a context-dependent manner. We tested 
      whether a modulation of the cerebellar neural activity, induced by transcranial 
      Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), changed the TP ability according to the 
      temporal features of the context and the duration of target interval. Fifteen 
      healthy participants received anodal, cathodal, and sham tDCS (15 min x 2 mA 
      intensity) over the right cerebellar hemisphere during a TP task. We recorded 
      reaction times (RTs) to a target during the task in two contextual conditions of 
      temporal anticipation: rhythmic (i.e., interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were 
      constant) and single-interval condition (i.e., the estimation of the timing of 
      the target was based on the prior exposure of the train of stimuli). Two ISIs 
      durations were explored: 600 ms (short trials) and 900 ms (long trials). Cathodal 
      tDCS improved the performance during the TP task (shorter RTs) specifically in 
      the rhythmic condition only for the short trials and in the single-interval 
      condition only for the long trials. Our results suggest that the inhibition of 
      cerebellar activity induced a different improvement in the TP ability according 
      to the temporal features of the context. In the rhythmic context, the cerebellum 
      could integrate the temporal estimation with the anticipatory motor responses 
      critically for the short target interval. In the single-interval context, for the 
      long trials, the cerebellum could play a main role in integrating representation 
      of time interval in memory with the elapsed time providing an accurate temporal 
      prediction.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business 
      Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Terranova, Sara
AU  - Terranova S
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of 
      Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Botta, Alessandro
AU  - Botta A
AD  - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Putzolu, Martina
AU  - Putzolu M
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of 
      Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Bonassi, Gaia
AU  - Bonassi G
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal 
      Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Cosentino, Carola
AU  - Cosentino C
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal 
      Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Mezzarobba, Susanna
AU  - Mezzarobba S
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal 
      Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Ravizzotti, Elisa
AU  - Ravizzotti E
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal 
      Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
FAU - Pelosin, Elisa
AU  - Pelosin E
AD  - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy. elisa.pelosin@unige.it.
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal 
      Child Health, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy. 
      elisa.pelosin@unige.it.
FAU - Avanzino, Laura
AU  - Avanzino L
AD  - Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of 
      Genoa, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
AD  - IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - MNESYS (PE0000006) - A Multiscale integrated approach to the study of the nervous 
      system in health and disease (DN. 1553 11.10.2022)/Ministero dell'Universita e 
      della Ricerca/
GR  - MNESYS (PE0000006) - A Multiscale integrated approach to the study of the nervous 
      system in health and disease (DN. 1553 11.10.2022)/Ministero dell'Universita e 
      della Ricerca/
GR  - MNESYS (PE0000006) - A Multiscale integrated approach to the study of the nervous 
      system in health and disease (DN. 1553 11.10.2022)/Ministero dell'Universita e 
      della Ricerca/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231226
PL  - United States
TA  - Cerebellum
JT  - Cerebellum (London, England)
JID - 101089443
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cerebellum
OT  - Implicit timing
OT  - Rhythmic
OT  - Single-interval
OT  - Temporal prediction
OT  - tDCS
EDAT- 2023/12/26 12:42
MHDA- 2023/12/26 12:42
CRDT- 2023/12/26 11:11
PHST- 2023/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/12/26 12:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/26 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/26 11:11 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s12311-023-01649-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s12311-023-01649-8 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Cerebellum. 2023 Dec 26. doi: 10.1007/s12311-023-01649-8.