PMID- 38154456
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240206
LR  - 20240206
IS  - 1421-9891 (Electronic)
IS  - 1022-6877 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024
TI  - Polydrug Use Typologies of Regular Ecstasy Users Visiting Electronic Dance Music 
      Events: A Latent Class Analysis.
PG  - 52-64
LID - 10.1159/000534487 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Polydrug use patterns among young adults using ecstasy vary, as 
      well as their willingness to change them. Polydrug use patterns are likely 
      associated with different adverse health outcomes. It is unknown whether polydrug 
      use patterns of young adults who use ecstasy are similar in different countries. 
      This study aims to identify and compare polydrug use patterns and willingness to 
      change them of young adults that use ecstasy in the United Kingdom (UK) and the 
      Netherlands (NL), two countries with a high prevalence of ecstasy use and a large 
      electronic dance music (EDM) scene. METHODS: The data from the online 
      cross-sectional Electronic Music Scene Survey were used in a latent class 
      analysis. The binary indicators used in the estimation were past-year substance 
      use of 21 different substances. The sample consisted of young adult ecstasy users 
      that regularly visit EDM events (age 18-34). RESULTS: A total of 1,077 
      respondents from the UK (age M = 23.1) and 1,178 from the NL (age M = 23.7) that 
      regularly visit EDM events were included in the analyses. In both countries, 
      three polydrug use patterns of ecstasy users were identified based on Bayesian 
      Information Criterion fit indices: a traditional polydrug use class (UK: 28%; NL: 
      40%), a stimulant and ketamine polydrug use class (UK: 48%; NL: 52%), and an 
      extensive polydrug use class (UK: 24%; NL: 8%) characterized by substantial use 
      of stimulants, depressant, and psychedelic substances. Overall, young adults that 
      used ecstasy in the UK consumed 3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (MDMA) more 
      often as powder/crystalline and at higher dosages compared to young adults in the 
      NL who preferred MDMA tablets. Regardless of polydrug class or country, most 
      respondents indicated that they had the intention to reduce but not quit their 
      use. CONCLUSION: In both countries, structurally similar polydrug use patterns 
      among young adults that use ecstasy were found, while the use frequencies of 
      individual substances and preferred MDMA form varied between the countries.
CI  - (c) 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - van Beek, Ruben Johannes Jacob
AU  - van Beek RJJ
AD  - Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
FAU - Blankers, Matthijs
AU  - Blankers M
AD  - Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Research, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, 
      Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - Kleinjan, Marloes
AU  - Kleinjan M
AD  - Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
AD  - Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Waldron, Jon
AU  - Waldron J
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Grabski, Meryem
AU  - Grabski M
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - Freeman, Tom
AU  - Freeman T
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
AD  - Department of Psychology, Addiction and Mental Health Group (AIM), University of 
      Bath, Bath, UK.
FAU - Curran, Valerie
AU  - Curran V
AD  - Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
FAU - van der Pol, Peggy
AU  - van der Pol P
AD  - Topicus Healthcare Company, Deventer, The Netherlands.
FAU - van Laar, Margriet
AU  - van Laar M
AD  - Trimbos Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231228
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Eur Addict Res
JT  - European addiction research
JID - 9502920
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Young Adult
MH  - Humans
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - *Illicit Drugs/adverse effects
MH  - *Dancing
MH  - *Music
MH  - Latent Class Analysis
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - *Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ecstasy
OT  - Electronic dance music
OT  - Latent class analysis
OT  - Nightlife
OT  - Polydrug use
EDAT- 2023/12/29 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/06 06:43
CRDT- 2023/12/28 18:25
PHST- 2021/04/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/06 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/29 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/28 18:25 [entrez]
AID - 000534487 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000534487 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur Addict Res. 2024;30(1):52-64. doi: 10.1159/000534487. Epub 2023 Dec 28.