PMID- 38154563
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240305
LR  - 20240305
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 245
DP  - 2024 Mar 15
TI  - Recovery of energy and carbon fibre from wind turbine blades waste (carbon 
      fibre/unsaturated polyester resin) using pyrolysis process and its life-cycle 
      assessment.
PG  - 118016
LID - S0013-9351(23)02820-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118016 [doi]
AB  - Recovery of carbon fibres and resin from wind turbine blade waste (WTB) composed 
      of carbon fibres (CF)-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) has been 
      environmentally challenging due to its complex structure that is not 
      biodegradable and that is rich in highly toxic styrene (main component of UPR). 
      Within this framework, this paper aims to liberate CF and UPR from WTB using a 
      pyrolysis process. The treatment was performed on commercial WTB (CF/UPR) up to 
      600  degrees C using a 250 g reactor. The UPR fraction was decomposed into liquid and 
      gaseous phases, while CF remained as a residue. The composition of gaseous phase 
      was monitored during the entire treatment using a digital gas analyser, while gas 
      chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the collected 
      liquid phase. CF fraction was collected and exposed to additional oxidation 
      process after treatment at 450  degrees C for purification propose, then it was analysed 
      using FTIR and SEM-EDX. Finally, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of the CF/UPR 
      pyrolysis was studied using SimaPro software and the results were compared with 
      landfill disposal practices. The pyrolysis results manifested that 500  degrees C was 
      sufficient for UPR decomposition into styrene-rich oil and gaseous products with 
      yields of 15.23 wt% and 6.83 wt%, respectively, accompanied by 77.93 wt% solid 
      residue including CF. The LCA results showed that pyrolysis with oxidation 
      process has high environmental potential in WTB recycling with significant 
      reduction in several impact categories compared to landfill. However, the 
      pyrolysis scenario revealed several additional environmental burdens related to 
      ecosystems, acidification, Ozone formation, and fine particulate matter formation 
      that must be overcome before upscaling.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yousef, Samy
AU  - Yousef S
AD  - Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and 
      Design, Kaunas University of Technology, LT-51424 Kaunas, Lithuania. Electronic 
      address: ahmed.saed@ktu.lt.
FAU - Eimontas, Justas
AU  - Eimontas J
AD  - Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Breslaujos 3, 
      LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania. Electronic address: justas.eimontas@lei.lt.
FAU - Stasiulaitiene, Inga
AU  - Stasiulaitiene I
AD  - Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas 
      University of Technology, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania.
FAU - Zakarauskas, Kestutis
AU  - Zakarauskas K
AD  - Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Breslaujos 3, 
      LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania.
FAU - Striugas, Nerijus
AU  - Striugas N
AD  - Lithuanian Energy Institute, Laboratory of Combustion Processes, Breslaujos 3, 
      LT-44403 Kaunas, Lithuania.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231227
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Carbon Fiber)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
RN  - 44LJ2U959V (Styrene)
RN  - 7440-44-0 (Carbon)
SB  - IM
MH  - Carbon Fiber
MH  - *Pyrolysis
MH  - *Ecosystem
MH  - Polyesters
MH  - Styrene
MH  - Carbon
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbon fibres-reinforced unsaturated polyester resin
OT  - Life-cycle assessment
OT  - Pyrolysis
OT  - Recycled short carbon fibres
OT  - Wind turbine blade waste
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/12/29 00:42
MHDA- 2024/03/05 06:46
CRDT- 2023/12/28 19:25
PHST- 2023/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/05 06:46 [medline]
PHST- 2023/12/29 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/12/28 19:25 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(23)02820-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2024 Mar 15;245:118016. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118016. Epub 2023 
      Dec 27.