PMID- 38169754
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240105
LR  - 20240504
IS  - 1449-1907 (Electronic)
IS  - 1449-1907 (Linking)
VI  - 21
IP  - 2
DP  - 2024
TI  - Exploring the Neuroprotective Effects of Lithium in Ischemic Stroke: A literature 
      review.
PG  - 284-298
LID - 10.7150/ijms.88195 [doi]
AB  - Ischemic stroke ranks among the foremost clinical causes of mortality and 
      disability, instigating neuronal degeneration, fatalities, and various sequelae. 
      While standard treatments, such as intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular 
      thrombectomy, prove effective, they come with limitations. Hence, there is a 
      compelling need to develop neuroprotective agents capable of improving the 
      functional outcomes of the nervous system. Numerous preclinical studies have 
      demonstrated that lithium can act in multiple molecular pathways, including 
      glycogen synthase kinase 3(GSK-3), the Wnt signaling pathway, the 
      mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ extracellular signal-regulated kinase 
      (ERK) signaling pathway, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), mammalian 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR), and glutamate receptors. Through these pathways, 
      lithium has been shown to affect inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, 
      excitotoxicity, and other pathological processes, thereby improving central 
      nervous system (CNS) damage caused by ischemic stroke. Despite these promising 
      preclinical findings, the number of clinical trials exploring lithium's efficacy 
      remains limited. Additional trials are imperative to thoroughly ascertain the 
      effectiveness and safety of lithium in clinical settings. This review delineates 
      the mechanisms underpinning lithium's neuroprotective capabilities in the context 
      of ischemic stroke. It elucidates the intricate interplay between these 
      mechanisms and sheds light on the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction and 
      inflammatory markers in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the 
      review offers directions for future research, thereby advancing the understanding 
      of the potential therapeutic utility of lithium and establishing a theoretical 
      foundation for its clinical application.
CI  - (c) The author(s).
FAU - Wang, Weihua
AU  - Wang W
AD  - Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 
      Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.
FAU - Lu, Dunlin
AU  - Lu D
AD  - Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 
      Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.
FAU - Shi, Youkui
AU  - Shi Y
AD  - Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 
      Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.
FAU - Wang, Yanqiang
AU  - Wang Y
AD  - Department of Neurology Ⅱ, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, 
      Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240101
PL  - Australia
TA  - Int J Med Sci
JT  - International journal of medical sciences
JID - 101213954
RN  - 9FN79X2M3F (Lithium)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.26 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lithium/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - *Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - *Ischemic Stroke/drug therapy
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
MH  - Apoptosis
PMC - PMC10758146
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Inflammatory marker
OT  - Ischemic stroke
OT  - Lithium
OT  - Mitochondrial dysfunction
OT  - Molecular mechanism
OT  - Neuroprotection
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists.
EDAT- 2024/01/04 01:18
MHDA- 2024/01/05 06:42
PMCR- 2024/01/01
CRDT- 2024/01/03 12:01
PHST- 2023/07/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/05 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/04 01:18 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/03 12:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijmsv21p0284 [pii]
AID - 10.7150/ijms.88195 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Med Sci. 2024 Jan 1;21(2):284-298. doi: 10.7150/ijms.88195. eCollection 
      2024.