PMID- 38170585
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240103
IS  - 2047-4881 (Electronic)
IS  - 2047-4873 (Linking)
DP  - 2024 Jan 3
TI  - Consumption of foods and beverages rich in added sugar associated with incident 
      metabolic syndrome: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) 
      study.
LID - zwad409 [pii]
LID - 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad409 [doi]
AB  - AIMS: Numerous studies report positive associations between total carbohydrate 
      (CHO) intake and incident metabolic syndrome (MetS), but few differentiate 
      quality or type of CHO relative to MetS. We examined source of CHO intake, 
      including added sugar (AS), AS-rich CHO foods and sugar-sweetened beverages 
      (SSBs) associated with incident MetS in adults enrolled in the Coronary Artery 
      Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. METHODS: Among 3154 Black 
      American and White American women and men aged 18-30 years at baseline, dietary 
      intake was assessed by diet history three times over 20 years. Sources of AS-rich 
      CHO foods and beverages include sugar-rich refined grain products, candy, sugar 
      products, and SSBs. Incident MetS was created according to standard criteria. 
      Time-dependent Cox proportional-hazards regression analysis evaluated the 
      associations of incident MetS across quintiles of cumulative intakes of AS-rich 
      CHO foods and beverages, AS, and SSBs adjusted for potential confounding factors 
      over 30 years of follow-up. RESULTS: The associations of AS-rich CHO foods and 
      beverages, AS, and SSB intakes with incident MetS were consistent. Compared to 
      the lowest intake, the greatest intake of AS-rich CHOs, AS, and SSBs were 
      associated with 59% (ptrend<0.001), 44% (ptrend=0.01), and 34% (ptrend=0.03) 
      higher risk of developing MetS, respectively. As expected, diet quality was lower 
      across increasing quintiles of AS-rich CHO foods and beverages, AS, and SSBs (all 
      ptrend<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our study findings are consistent with an elevated 
      risk of developing MetS with greater consumption of AS, AS-rich CHO foods, and 
      SSBs which support consuming fewer AS-rich CHO foods and SSBs.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      European Society of Cardiology.
FAU - Goins, Rae K
AU  - Goins RK
AD  - University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and 
      Community Health; Minneapolis, MN.
FAU - Steffen, Lyn M
AU  - Steffen LM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4053-6729
AD  - University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and 
      Community Health; Minneapolis, MN.
FAU - Yi, So-Yun
AU  - Yi SY
AD  - University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and 
      Community Health; Minneapolis, MN.
FAU - Zhou, Xia
AU  - Zhou X
AD  - University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and 
      Community Health; Minneapolis, MN.
FAU - Van Horn, Linda
AU  - Van Horn L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1362-5806
AD  - Northwestern University, Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of 
      Medicine; Chicago, IL.
FAU - Shikany, James M
AU  - Shikany JM
AD  - University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Division of Preventive 
      Medicine; Birmingham, AL.
FAU - Terry, James G
AU  - Terry JG
AD  - Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical 
      Center.
FAU - Jacobs, David R
AU  - Jacobs DR
AD  - University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and 
      Community Health; Minneapolis, MN.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240103
PL  - England
TA  - Eur J Prev Cardiol
JT  - European journal of preventive cardiology
JID - 101564430
SB  - IM
OAB - Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition consisting of 3 out of 5 heart disease 
      risk factors. Researchers have found that the risk of developing MetS increases 
      as carbohydrate (CHO) intake also increases. However, how this risk is related is 
      to the type and quality of CHO has not been well studied. To study this, we used 
      data from 3154 African American and White American women and men aged 18-30 years 
      old at baseline (1985-86). Information was collected about their health and what 
      they ate. This allowed us to find out if MetS occurred over time if it ever did. 
      We determined how much added sugar (AS), sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), and 
      AS-rich CHO foods and beverages they ate. AS-rich foods and beverages contain 
      sugars, syrups, and caloric sweeteners added to them during production or 
      preparation. CHO foods containing AS include refined grain breads, rolls, bakery 
      products, candy, jellies, and more. We found that people with the greatest intake 
      of AS, SSBs, and AS-rich CHO foods and beverages had a higher risk of developing 
      MetS compared to those with the lowest intake. These results align with US 
      Dietary Guidelines as well as European guidelines to consume less AS; therefore, 
      to consume fewer AS-rich CHO foods and SSBs.
OABL- eng
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - added sugar
OT  - carbohydrate foods and beverages
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - prospective cohort study
OT  - sugar-sweetened beverages
EDAT- 2024/01/04 01:18
MHDA- 2024/01/04 01:18
CRDT- 2024/01/03 13:05
PHST- 2023/10/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/04 01:18 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/04 01:18 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/03 13:05 [entrez]
AID - 7505518 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad409 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024 Jan 3:zwad409. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad409.