PMID- 38173583 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240105 IS - 2046-2069 (Electronic) IS - 2046-2069 (Linking) VI - 14 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jan 2 TI - Unravelling the thermal behavior and kinetics of unsaturated polyester resin supplemented with organo-nanoclay. PG - 517-528 LID - 10.1039/d3ra06076d [doi] AB - The integration of nanoclays within polymeric systems to develop high-performance materials is an emerging research field that has garnered significant attention. In this context, an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) is utilized as a reinforcing agent for unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) with loads of 1%, 3%, and 5 wt%. The modification of montmorillonite nanoclay (MMT) using a quaternary ammonium compound is performed through an effective repetitive modification process under reflux conditions. The curing behavior of the unsaturated polyester resin containing organically modified clay catalyzed with methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) initiator and promoted by cobalt naphthenate accelerator is investigated using dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) followed by kinetic analysis using isoconversional methods. The dynamic DSC curing curves showed a bimodal exothermic peak, where two independent reactions, namely, redox and thermal decomposition of the initiator occurred. In this study, novel insights into the curing reaction of the studied UPR and UPR/OMMT systems have been revealed through the application of the Trache-Abdelaziz-Siwani (TAS) and Sbirrazzuoli (VYA/CE) isoconversional methods. These methods have enabled the elucidation of the intricate mechanisms and phenomena that impact the curing reaction, including the dilution effect in the redox reaction and the diffusion phenomenon at the end of the thermal decomposition reaction. The incorporation of nanoclay into unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) resulted in a reduction in the activation energy for both the redox and thermal reactions. Specifically, the energetic barrier decreased from 93.85 and 101.58 kJ mol(-1) for pristine UPR to 60.71 and 72.93 kJ mol(-1) for UPR/OMMT-5 in the redox and thermal reactions, respectively. The addition of OMMT caused a significant decrease in the pre-exponential factor. The values of UPR/OMMT-5 were 2.75 x 10(5) and 5.50 x 10(6) for the redox and thermal decomposition reactions, respectively, compared to 1.41 x 10(12) and 5.13 x 10(13) for UPR. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that UPR/OMMT systems were more stable than UPR. CI - This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry. FAU - Chencheni, Ayoub AU - Chencheni A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2698-1412 AD - Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria tarchounfouzi@gmail.com. FAU - Belkhiri, Samir AU - Belkhiri S AD - Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria tarchounfouzi@gmail.com. FAU - Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi AU - Tarchoun AF AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1502-2803 AD - Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria tarchounfouzi@gmail.com. FAU - Abdelaziz, Amir AU - Abdelaziz A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1325-4969 AD - Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria djalaltrache@gmail.com. FAU - Bessa, Wissam AU - Bessa W AD - Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria djalaltrache@gmail.com. FAU - Boucheffa, Youcef AU - Boucheffa Y AD - Faculty of Chemistry, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene Bab El-Zouar Algiers Algeria. FAU - Trache, Djalal AU - Trache D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3004-9855 AD - Energetic Materials Laboratory, Teaching and Research Unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri Algiers 16046 Algeria djalaltrache@gmail.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240102 PL - England TA - RSC Adv JT - RSC advances JID - 101581657 PMC - PMC10759040 COIS- The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. EDAT- 2024/01/04 11:44 MHDA- 2024/01/04 11:45 PMCR- 2024/01/02 CRDT- 2024/01/04 03:57 PHST- 2023/09/06 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/04 11:45 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/04 11:44 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/04 03:57 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/02 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - d3ra06076d [pii] AID - 10.1039/d3ra06076d [doi] PST - epublish SO - RSC Adv. 2024 Jan 2;14(1):517-528. doi: 10.1039/d3ra06076d. eCollection 2024 Jan 2.