PMID- 38184193
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240214
LR  - 20240214
IS  - 1873-5169 (Electronic)
IS  - 0196-9781 (Linking)
VI  - 173
DP  - 2024 Mar
TI  - Recent advances in peptide-based therapies for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
PG  - 171149
LID - S0196-9781(24)00002-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171149 [doi]
AB  - Options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity have 
      recently been expanded by the results of several large clinical trials with 
      incretin-based peptide therapies. Most of these studies have been conducted with 
      the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist semaglutide, which is 
      available as a once weekly subcutaneous injection and once daily tablet, and the 
      once weekly injected dual agonist tirzepatide, which interacts with receptors for 
      GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). In individuals with 
      T2DM these therapies have achieved reductions of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) by 
      > 2% and lowered body weight by > 10%. In some studies, these agents tested in 
      non-diabetic, obese individuals at much higher doses have lowered body weight by 
      > 15%. Emerging evidence suggests these agents can also offer cardio-protective 
      and potentially reno-protective effects. Other incretin-based peptide therapies 
      in early clinical development, notably a triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor 
      agonist (retatrutide) and a combination of semaglutide with the amylin analogue 
      cagrilintide (CagriSema), have shown strong efficacy. Although incretin therapies 
      can incur adverse gastrointestinal effects these are for most patients 
      mild-to-moderate and transient but result in cessation of treatment in some 
      cases. Thus, the efficacy of new incretin-based peptide therapies is enhancing 
      the opportunity to control body weight and blood glucose and improve the 
      treatment of T2DM and obesity.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bailey, Clifford J
AU  - Bailey CJ
AD  - Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
FAU - Flatt, Peter R
AU  - Flatt PR
AD  - Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, 
      Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK.
FAU - Conlon, J Michael
AU  - Conlon JM
AD  - Diabetes Research Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, 
      Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK. Electronic address: 
      jmconlon1@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240105
PL  - United States
TA  - Peptides
JT  - Peptides
JID - 8008690
RN  - 0 (Incretins)
RN  - 59392-49-3 (Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide)
RN  - 89750-14-1 (Glucagon-Like Peptide 1)
RN  - 0 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
MH  - Incretins/therapeutic use
MH  - Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide/therapeutic use
MH  - Obesity
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/therapeutic use
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor/agonists
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cagrilintide
OT  - Incretin
OT  - Multi-agonist
OT  - Retatrutide
OT  - Semaglutide
OT  - Tirzepatide
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest CJB has served on steering committees for 
      clinical trials and advisory boards for several pharmaceutical companies. PRF and 
      JMC are named on patents held by Ulster University for peptide therapeutics.
EDAT- 2024/01/07 06:44
MHDA- 2024/02/13 06:45
CRDT- 2024/01/06 19:16
PHST- 2023/12/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/31 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/13 06:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/07 06:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/06 19:16 [entrez]
AID - S0196-9781(24)00002-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171149 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Peptides. 2024 Mar;173:171149. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171149. Epub 2024 Jan 
      5.