PMID- 38187264
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan 15
TI  - Optimization and evaluation of the distribution of Fischer-Tropsch products over 
      a cobalt-based catalyst utilising design expert software.
PG  - e23145
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23145 [doi]
LID - e23145
AB  - Modelling biomass to liquid via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) system allows 
      researchers to investigate the most efficient parameters while running the system 
      under optimal conditions. As part of the design of experiments (DOE) procedure, a 
      special data simulation method based on response surface methodology (RSM) is 
      utilized to thoroughly analyse the impact of operating circumstances. The 
      objective of this study was to examine the factors that affect the production of 
      C(1), C(2)-C(4), and C(5+) in FTS process, and then optimize the critical factors 
      utilising factorial design and response surface techniques. The parameters 
      evaluated were reaction temperature, reaction pressure and the crystallite size 
      of cobalt. The effects of these factors and their potential for synergy were 
      explored simultaneously using multivariate DOE, with the yield of different 
      hydrocarbon composition selectivity's as the measured responses. In the concept 
      generation phase, optimization was based on the literature consulted, which 
      proved to be an effective method for determining the optimization parameters. The 
      detailed conceptual design included the generation of models using statistical 
      methods and response surface models. Finally, the optimized design was validated 
      using catalysts and parameters obtained during the optimization process, and this 
      were compared to the output recorded in the theoretical modelling. The optimized 
      parameters resulted in performance consistency, with the theoretical model for 
      each group of hydrocarbons being validated by actual experiments. The established 
      models were seen to characterize hydrocarbon distributions accurately and 
      repeatedly over a wide range of reaction conditions (200-270  degrees C, 5-20 Bar, and 
      3-26 nm) using a cobalt-based catalyst. According to the detailed quantitative 
      models developed, for higher C(5+) production, 220  degrees C, 10 bar(g) and 11 nm 
      (cobalt crystallite) benchmark parameters were set to produce 19.3 % C(1), 11.4 % 
      C(2)-C(4) and 69 % C(5+) selectivity's. Comparative analysis showed a 1.9 %, 
      3.9 % and 0.3 % percentage difference between the theoretical output and the 
      actual output of C(1), C(2)-C(4) and C(5+), respectively.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
FAU - Chikati, Roick
AU  - Chikati R
AD  - Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Mpandanyama, Tawanda A
AU  - Mpandanyama TA
AD  - Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Nkazi, Diankanua
AU  - Nkazi D
AD  - Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the 
      Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Khangale, Phathutshedzo
AU  - Khangale P
AD  - Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 
      2028, Johannesburg, South Africa.
FAU - Gorimbo, Joshua
AU  - Gorimbo J
AD  - Institute for Catalysis and Energy Solution (ICES), College of Science, 
      Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa (UNISA), Private Bag X6, 
      Florida, 1710, Johannesburg, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231214
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC10770528
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Clinoptilolite
OT  - Design of experiments (DOE)
OT  - Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS)
OT  - Response surface methodology (RSM)
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2024/01/08 06:42
MHDA- 2024/01/08 06:43
PMCR- 2023/12/14
CRDT- 2024/01/08 04:37
PHST- 2023/05/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/11/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/08 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/08 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/08 04:37 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)10353-7 [pii]
AID - e23145 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23145 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Dec 14;10(1):e23145. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23145. 
      eCollection 2024 Jan 15.