PMID- 38192498
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240110
IS  - 1178-7007 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7007 (Linking)
VI  - 17
DP  - 2024
TI  - Relationship of Vitamin-D Deficiency with Kidney Disease in Patients with Type-2 
      Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the Makkah Region: A Cross-Sectional Study.
PG  - 11-17
LID - 10.2147/DMSO.S445314 [doi]
AB  - AIM: Vitamin D deficiency is linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the 
      occurrence of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. None of 
      the studies have focused on the association between vitamin D levels in patients 
      with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in the Makkah region, 
      Saudi Arabia. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship 
      of vitamin D with kidney disease in patients with T2DM in the Makkah region, of 
      Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was 
      conducted at different hospitals in the Makkah region on T2DM patients from 2021 
      to 2022. In total, 328 patients with confirmed diabetes were enrolled in this 
      study. T2DM patients over the aged>18 to 92 years were included in the study. 
      General laboratory characteristics of the study population were measured, 
      including fasting blood sugar, HbA1C (Glycated hemoglobin), vitamin D, kidney 
      function (BUN-Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), and lipid profiles 
      (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-Low density lipoprotein, and HDL-High density 
      lipoprotein). RESULTS: 46.6% (n=153) of participants had normal serum vitamin D 
      levels. Insufficient and deficient serum vitamin D level were observed in 43.9% 
      (n=144) and 9.5% (n=31) of participants, respectively. Of the participants, 25.9% 
      (n=85) had good glycemic control (<7.0%). Moderate and poor glycemic control were 
      observed in 39.9% (n=131) and 34.1% (n=112) of the participants, respectively. A 
      significant negative correlation (p<0.5) was found between vitamin D levels and 
      kidney function test results (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels). 
      An inverse relationship was observed between HbA1c levels and vitamin D 
      deficiency. CONCLUSION: Nephropathy is more likely to develop in people with type 
      2 diabetes mellitus and vitamin D deficiency.
CI  - (c) 2024 Obaid et al.
FAU - Obaid, Ahmad A
AU  - Obaid AA
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Mujalli, Abdulrahman
AU  - Mujalli A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8630-3963
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Farrash, Wesam F
AU  - Farrash WF
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, 
      Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Tayeb, Rami Hatem
AU  - Tayeb RH
AD  - Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Bougeis, Rashad Jameel
AU  - Bougeis RJ
AD  - Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Aljehani, Alaa Adel
AU  - Aljehani AA
AD  - Laboratory Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alshehri, Bandar Ali
AU  - Alshehri BA
AD  - Laboratory Department, Dar Alzahrawi Medical, Product Specialist Diagnostic, 
      Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Sharaf, Sulafa Ezzat
AU  - Sharaf SE
AD  - Laboratory Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alqurashi, Saud Fahad
AU  - Alqurashi SF
AD  - Laboratory Department, King Faisal Hospital, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240103
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes
JT  - Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy
JID - 101515585
PMC - PMC10772148
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - T2DM
OT  - diabetes
OT  - nephropathy
OT  - prevalence
OT  - type-2 diabetes mellitus
OT  - vitamin-D
COIS- The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work.
EDAT- 2024/01/09 06:42
MHDA- 2024/01/09 06:43
PMCR- 2024/01/03
CRDT- 2024/01/09 03:50
PHST- 2023/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/09 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/09 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/09 03:50 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/03 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 445314 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/DMSO.S445314 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2024 Jan 3;17:11-17. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S445314. 
      eCollection 2024.