PMID- 38201701
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240112
IS  - 2073-4360 (Electronic)
IS  - 2073-4360 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Dec 21
TI  - Nano Boron Oxide and Zinc Oxide Doped Lignin Containing Cellulose Nanocrystals 
      Improve the Thermal, Mechanical and Flammability Properties of High-Density 
      Poly(ethylene).
LID - 10.3390/polym16010036 [doi]
LID - 36
AB  - The widely used high-density polyethylene (HDPE) polymer has inadequate 
      mechanical and thermal properties for structural applications. To overcome this 
      challenge, nano zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano boron oxide (B(2)O(3)) doped 
      lignin-containing cellulose nanocrystals (L-CNC) were blended in the polymer 
      matrix. The working hypothesis is that lignin will prevent CNC aggregation, and 
      metal oxides will reduce the flammability of polymers by modifying their 
      degradation pathways. This research prepared and incorporated safe, effective, 
      and eco-friendly hybrid systems of nano ZnO/L-CNC and nano B(2)O(3)/L-CNC into 
      the HDPE matrix to improve their physio-mechanical and fire-retardant properties. 
      The composites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 
      scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, 
      thermo-gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic 
      mechanical analysis, horizontal burning test, and microcalorimetry test. The 
      results demonstrated a substantial increase in mechanical properties and a 
      reduction in flammability. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed 
      some agglomeration and irregular distribution of the inorganic oxides.
FAU - Bajwa, Dilpreet S
AU  - Bajwa DS
AD  - Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, 
      Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
FAU - Holt, Greg
AU  - Holt G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6421-118X
AD  - Cotton Production and Processing Research Unit, United States Department of 
      Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lubbock, TX 79403, USA.
FAU - Stark, Nicole
AU  - Stark N
AD  - Forest Biopolymer Science and Engineering, United States Department of 
      Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, USA.
FAU - Bajwa, Sreekala G
AU  - Bajwa SG
AD  - College of Agriculture, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
FAU - Chanda, Saptaparni
AU  - Chanda S
AD  - Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Montana State University, 
      Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
FAU - Quadir, Mohiuddin
AU  - Quadir M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2811-773X
AD  - Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University; 
      Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231221
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Polymers (Basel)
JT  - Polymers
JID - 101545357
PMC - PMC10780719
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - fire resistance
OT  - lignin-coated cellulose nanocrystal
OT  - mechanical property
OT  - nano boron oxide
OT  - nano zinc oxide
OT  - thermal property
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2024/01/11 07:42
MHDA- 2024/01/11 07:43
PMCR- 2023/12/21
CRDT- 2024/01/11 01:07
PHST- 2023/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/11 07:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/11 07:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/11 01:07 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - polym16010036 [pii]
AID - polymers-16-00036 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/polym16010036 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Polymers (Basel). 2023 Dec 21;16(1):36. doi: 10.3390/polym16010036.