PMID- 38206627
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240112
LR  - 20240114
IS  - 2574-3805 (Electronic)
IS  - 2574-3805 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan 2
TI  - Childhood Trauma, Emotional Awareness, and Neural Correlates of Long-Term 
      Nicotine Smoking.
PG  - e2351132
LID - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51132 [doi]
LID - e2351132
AB  - IMPORTANCE: Temporal dynamic measures provide insight into the neurobiological 
      properties of nicotine use. It is critical to determine whether brain-based 
      measures are associated with substance use risk factors, such as childhood 
      trauma-related emotion dysregulation. OBJECTIVE: To assess temporal dynamic 
      differences based on smoking status and examine the associations between 
      childhood trauma, alexithymia, nicotine smoking, and default mode network (DMN) 
      states. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study was 
      conducted in the Baltimore, Maryland, area at the National Institute on Drug 
      Abuse. Participants included individuals aged 18 to 65 years who smoked nicotine 
      long term and matched controls with no co-occurring substance use or psychiatric 
      disorders. Participants were enrolled from August 8, 2013, to August 9, 2022. 
      Analysis was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. EXPOSURE: Long-term 
      nicotine smoking. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The main outcome was temporal 
      dynamic differences based on smoking status. Coactivation pattern analysis was 
      conducted based on 16-minute resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging; 
      total time in, persistence of, and frequency of transitions into states were 
      evaluated. The associations between childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma 
      Questionnaire), alexithymia (20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale), and DMN temporal 
      dynamics were assessed. RESULTS: The sample included 204 participants (102 
      individuals who smoked nicotine and 102 control individuals) with a mean (SD) age 
      of 37.53 (10.64) years (109 [53.4%] male). Compared with controls, individuals 
      who smoked nicotine spent more time in the frontoinsular DMN (FI-DMN) state (mean 
      difference, 25.63 seconds; 95% CI, 8.05-43.20 seconds; eta2p = 0.04; P = .004 after 
      Bonferroni correction). In those who smoked nicotine, greater alexithymia was 
      associated with less time spent in the FI-DMN state (r, -0.26; 95% CI, -0.44 to 
      -0.07; P = .007). In a moderated mediation analysis, alexithymia mediated the 
      association between childhood trauma and time spent in the FI-DMN state only in 
      individuals who smoked nicotine (c' = -0.24; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.03; P = .02). 
      CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Compared with controls, individuals who smoked 
      nicotine spent more time in the FI-DMN state. Among those who smoked nicotine, 
      childhood trauma-related alexithymia was associated with less time spent in the 
      FI-DMN state, indicating that considering trauma-related factors may reveal 
      alternative neurobiological underpinnings of substance use. These data may aid in 
      reconciling contradictory findings in prior literature regarding the role of 
      FI-DMN regions in substance use.
FAU - Quam, Annika
AU  - Quam A
AD  - Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Biernacki, Kathryn
AU  - Biernacki K
AD  - Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Ross, Thomas J
AU  - Ross TJ
AD  - Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Salmeron, Betty Jo
AU  - Salmeron BJ
AD  - Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
FAU - Janes, Amy C
AU  - Janes AC
AD  - Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural 
      Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240102
PL  - United States
TA  - JAMA Netw Open
JT  - JAMA network open
JID - 101729235
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - Childhood Trauma Questionnaire
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Nicotine/adverse effects
MH  - *Adverse Childhood Experiences
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Smoking/epidemiology
MH  - Emotions
MH  - *Substance-Related Disorders
MH  - *Psychological Tests
MH  - *Self Report
PMC - PMC10784870
COIS- Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.
EDAT- 2024/01/11 12:42
MHDA- 2024/01/12 06:42
PMCR- 2024/01/11
CRDT- 2024/01/11 11:34
PHST- 2024/01/12 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/11 12:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/11 11:34 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 2813842 [pii]
AID - zoi231499 [pii]
AID - 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51132 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jan 2;7(1):e2351132. doi: 
      10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.51132.