PMID- 38212561
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240208
LR  - 20240208
IS  - 1614-7499 (Electronic)
IS  - 0944-1344 (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 7
DP  - 2024 Feb
TI  - Residue estimation and dietary risk assessment of fenvalerate, novaluron, and 
      profenofos in bell pepper grown under protected and open field conditions.
PG  - 10934-10949
LID - 10.1007/s11356-024-31846-9 [doi]
AB  - Residue studies were conducted in bell pepper crops (green and yellow bell 
      pepper) to ensure the safe use of fenvalerate, profenofos, and novaluron (under 
      open field and protected conditions) in randomized block design (RBD) following 
      three applications at a 10-day interval over two consecutive years, 2021 and 
      2022. A robust analytical method was developed using quick, easy, cheap, 
      effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction and gas chromatography-tandem 
      mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for the determination of pesticide residues in bell 
      pepper samples. The half-lives for fenvalerate were 2.47-2.87 and 2.50-3.03 days 
      on bell pepper under open field conditions, whereas the corresponding values for 
      bell pepper under protected conditions were 3.84-4.58 and 4.17-4.71 days, during 
      2021 and 2022, respectively. Profenofos displayed half-lives of 2.03-2.65 and 
      2.15-2.77 days in open field conditions and 3.05-3.89 and 3.16-3.78 days in 
      protected conditions during 2021 and 2022, respectively. Similarly, novaluron had 
      half-lives of 2.87-3.49 and 3.24-3.75 days under protected conditions in 2021 and 
      2022, respectively. The maximum residue limits (MRLs) were calculated to be 
      0.6 mg/kg for fenvalerate, while for profenofos it was 0.7 mg/kg on bell pepper 
      under open field conditions at double doses, at the proposed pre-harvest interval 
      (PHI) of 3 days. Likewise, for bell peppers grown under protected conditions, 
      MRLs at the PHI of 3 days were determined to be 0.8 mg/kg for fenvalerate, 
      0.3 mg/kg for novaluron, and 1.5 mg/kg for profenofos. A dietary risk assessment 
      study indicated that the percentage of acute hazard index (% aHI) was 
      significantly lower than 100, and hazard quotient (HQ) values were below 1, 
      signifying no acute or chronic risk to consumers. These findings underscore the 
      safety of consuming bell peppers treated with fenvalerate, profenofos, and 
      novaluron under the protected and open field conditions.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 
      part of Springer Nature.
FAU - Gautam, Himani
AU  - Gautam H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4411-3173
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India. gautamani77@gmail.com.
FAU - Katna, Sapna
AU  - Katna S
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Dubey, Jatiender Kumar
AU  - Dubey JK
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Sharma, Ajay
AU  - Sharma A
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Brar, Gaganpreet Singh
AU  - Brar GS
AD  - R&D, Biology, PI Industries Limited, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
FAU - Singh, Shubhra
AU  - Singh S
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Devi, Nisha
AU  - Devi N
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Kumar, Arvind
AU  - Kumar A
AD  - Department of Entomology, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, 
      Nauni, Solan, HP, India.
FAU - Prashad, Hema
AU  - Prashad H
AD  - R&D, Biology, PI Industries Limited, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240112
PL  - Germany
TA  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
JT  - Environmental science and pollution research international
JID - 9441769
RN  - Z6MXZ39302 (fenvalerate)
RN  - 7J04O7BS4W (profenofos)
RN  - Z8H1B3CW0B (novaluron)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
RN  - 0 (Nitriles)
RN  - 0 (Phenylurea Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Pyrethrins)
RN  - 0 (Organothiophosphates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - *Capsicum/chemistry
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - *Nitriles
MH  - *Phenylurea Compounds
MH  - *Pyrethrins
MH  - *Organothiophosphates
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Acute and chronic risk
OT  - Dietary risk assessment
OT  - Half-lives
OT  - Maximum residue limit
OT  - Pre-harvest interval
EDAT- 2024/01/12 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/08 06:42
CRDT- 2024/01/11 23:27
PHST- 2023/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/08 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/12 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/11 23:27 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-024-31846-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s11356-024-31846-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Feb;31(7):10934-10949. doi: 
      10.1007/s11356-024-31846-9. Epub 2024 Jan 12.