PMID- 38219543
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240125
LR  - 20240213
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Print)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 183
DP  - 2024 Jan
TI  - Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers 
      with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.
PG  - 108433
LID - S0160-4120(24)00019-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108433 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Pregnant women are exposed to numerous endocrine 
      disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can affect hormonal pathways regulating 
      pregnancy outcomes and fetal development. Thus, we evaluated overall and fetal 
      sex-specific associations of phthalate/replacement, paraben, and phenol 
      biomarkers with sex-steroid and thyroid hormones. METHODS: Illinois women 
      (n = 302) provided plasma for progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, free T4 
      (FT4), total T4 (TT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) at median 17 weeks 
      gestation. Women also provided up-to-five first-morning urine samples monthly 
      across pregnancy (8-40 weeks), which we pooled to measure 19 
      phthalate/replacement metabolites (reflecting ten parent compounds), three 
      parabens, and six phenols. We used linear regression to evaluate overall and 
      fetal sex-specific associations of biomarkers with hormones, as well as weighted 
      quantile sum and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) to assess cumulative 
      associations, non-linearities, and chemical interactions. RESULTS: In women of 
      relatively high socioeconomic status, several EDC biomarkers were associated with 
      select hormones, without cumulative or non-linear associations with progesterone, 
      FT4, or TT4. The biomarker mixture was negatively associated with estradiol (only 
      at higher biomarker concentrations using BKMR), testosterone, and TSH, where each 
      10% mixture increase was associated with -5.65% (95% CI: -9.79, -1.28) lower 
      testosterone and -0.09 muIU/mL (95% CI: -0.20, 0.00) lower TSH. Associations with 
      progesterone, testosterone, and FT4 did not differ by fetal sex. However, in 
      women carrying females, we identified an inverted u-shaped relationship of the 
      mixture with estradiol. Additionally, in women carrying females, each 10% 
      increase in the mixture was associated with 1.50% (95% CI: -0.15, 3.18) higher 
      TT4, whereas in women carrying males, the mixture was associated with -1.77% (95% 
      CI: -4.08, 0.58) lower TT4 and -0.18 muIU/mL (95% CI: -0.33, -0.03) lower TSH. We 
      also identified select chemical interactions. CONCLUSION: Some biomarkers were 
      associated with early-to-mid pregnancy hormones. There were some sex-specific and 
      non-linear associations. Future studies could consider how these findings relate 
      to pregnancy/birth outcomes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ryva, Brad A
AU  - Ryva BA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East 
      Lansing, MI 48824, United States; College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State 
      University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative 
      Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
FAU - Pacyga, Diana C
AU  - Pacyga DC
AD  - Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 
      48824, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan 
      State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
FAU - Anderson, Kaitlyn Y
AU  - Anderson KY
AD  - College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 
      48824, United States.
FAU - Calafat, Antonia M
AU  - Calafat AM
AD  - Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, 
      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
FAU - Whalen, Jason
AU  - Whalen J
AD  - Michigan Diabetes Research Center Chemistry Laboratory, University of Michigan, 
      Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
FAU - Aung, Max T
AU  - Aung MT
AD  - Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, 
      University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.
FAU - Gardiner, Joseph C
AU  - Gardiner JC
AD  - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East 
      Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
FAU - Braun, Joseph M
AU  - Braun JM
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United 
      States.
FAU - Schantz, Susan L
AU  - Schantz SL
AD  - The Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United 
      States; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, 
      Urbana-Champaign, IL 61802, United States.
FAU - Strakovsky, Rita S
AU  - Strakovsky RS
AD  - Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 
      48824, United States; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan 
      State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States. Electronic address: 
      strakovs@msu.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 ES007048/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R00 ES024795/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - T32 ES007255/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - K99 ES024795/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 DK020572/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 ES032227/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R25 ES007255/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P01 ES022848/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/United States
GR  - UH3 OD023272/OD/NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240107
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 6O7F7IX66E (phthalic acid)
RN  - 0 (Endocrine Disruptors)
RN  - 4G7DS2Q64Y (Progesterone)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Thyroid Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Phthalic Acids)
RN  - 0 (Gonadal Steroid Hormones)
RN  - 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin)
RN  - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone)
RN  - 4TI98Z838E (Estradiol)
RN  - 0 (Phenols)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Parabens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Endocrine Disruptors/urine
MH  - Progesterone
MH  - Bayes Theorem
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/urine
MH  - Thyroid Hormones
MH  - *Phthalic Acids/urine
MH  - Gonadal Steroid Hormones
MH  - Pregnancy Outcome
MH  - Thyrotropin
MH  - Testosterone
MH  - Estradiol
MH  - Phenols/urine
MH  - Biomarkers/urine
MH  - Parabens/analysis
PMC - PMC10858740
MID - NIHMS1960854
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Endocrine disrupting chemical
OT  - Fetal sex
OT  - Hormone
OT  - Paraben
OT  - Phenol
OT  - Phthalate
OT  - Pregnancy
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/01/15 00:42
MHDA- 2024/01/25 06:44
PMCR- 2024/02/10
CRDT- 2024/01/14 18:14
PHST- 2023/09/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/25 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/15 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/14 18:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/02/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0160-4120(24)00019-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108433 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2024 Jan;183:108433. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108433. Epub 2024 
      Jan 7.