PMID- 38219795
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240215
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 1759-7714 (Electronic)
IS  - 1759-7706 (Print)
IS  - 1759-7706 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 5
DP  - 2024 Feb
TI  - Rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced non-small cell lung 
      cancer.
PG  - 419-426
LID - 10.1111/1759-7714.15209 [doi]
AB  - Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) rechallenge in non-small cell lung cancer 
      (NSCLC) is a promising therapeutic strategy. The situation for ICI rechallenge 
      can be divided into three categories: adverse events (AEs); resistance to ICIs, 
      and rechallenge becomes compulsive because of tumor relapse while the patients 
      had completed a 2 year course of immunotherapy. However, these categories are 
      still controversial and should be explored further. Through voting at the 6th 
      Straits Summit Forum on Lung Cancer, in this study we summarize the consensus of 
      147 experts in ICI rechallenges. A total of 97.74% experts agreed to rechallenge; 
      48.87% experts rechallenge with the original drug, and the others rechallenge 
      with a different drug; 40.3% agreed to rechallenge directly after progression; 
      88.06% experts agreed to ICI rechallenge with a combination regimen; and factors 
      such as previous performance status score, PD-1 expression, and age should also 
      be considered. Understanding the the clinical studies in ICI rechallenge could 
      bring us one step closer to understanding the consensus. In patients with 
      advanced NSCLC who have suffered recurrent or distant metastasis after 
      immunotherapy, the option of rechallenge with ICIs is a promising treatment 
      option.
CI  - (c) 2024 The Authors. Thoracic Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, 
      Ltd.
FAU - Lin, Gen
AU  - Lin G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6793-552X
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Zhijie
AU  - Wang Z
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical 
      Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 
      and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
FAU - Chu, Qian
AU  - Chu Q
AD  - Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Hu, Yi
AU  - Hu Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9319-5692
AD  - Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Huang, Dingzhi
AU  - Huang D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2798-9459
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and 
      Hospital, Tianjin, China.
FAU - Wang, Jun
AU  - Wang J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3941-2507
AD  - Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical 
      University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Ji'nan, China.
FAU - Yang, Fan
AU  - Yang F
AD  - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 
      China.
FAU - Zhong, Wenzhao
AU  - Zhong W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8917-8635
AD  - Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, 
      Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Zhou, Chengzhi
AU  - Zhou C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0029-6879
AD  - Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, 
      National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for 
      Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First 
      Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Zhu, Bo
AU  - Zhu B
AD  - Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
FAU - Ai, Xinghao
AU  - Ai X
AD  - Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong 
      University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Cao, Baoshan
AU  - Cao B
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology and Radiation Sickness, Cancer Center, Peking 
      University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Cao, Yabing
AU  - Cao Y
AD  - Department of oncology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macau, China.
FAU - Chen, Mingqiu
AU  - Chen M
AD  - Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian 
      Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Chen, Xiaohui
AU  - Chen X
AD  - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Chu, Tianqing
AU  - Chu T
AD  - Respiratory Department, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University 
      School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Duan, Jianchun
AU  - Duan J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1479-2304
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical 
      Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 
      and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
FAU - Fan, Yun
AU  - Fan Y
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Fang, Yong
AU  - Fang Y
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhenjiang University 
      School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Feng, Shuitu
AU  - Feng S
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center Xiamen 
      Hospital, Xiamen, China.
FAU - Feng, Weineng
AU  - Feng W
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, 
      China.
FAU - Guo, Hui
AU  - Guo H
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Han, Chengbo
AU  - Han C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8391-6134
AD  - Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 
      China.
FAU - He, Yong
AU  - He Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9404-798X
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 
      Chongqing, China.
FAU - Hong, Shaodong
AU  - Hong S
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer 
      Center, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Hu, Jie
AU  - Hu J
AD  - Shanghai Geriatric Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Huang, Meijuan
AU  - Huang M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3390-9697
AD  - Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical 
      Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Huang, Yan
AU  - Huang Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer 
      Center, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Jiang, Da
AU  - Jiang D
AD  - Department of Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Hebei Medical 
      University, Shijiazhuang, China.
FAU - Jiang, Kan
AU  - Jiang K
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Jiang, Richeng
AU  - Jiang R
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and 
      Hospital, Tianjin, China.
FAU - Jin, Bo
AU  - Jin B
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The First affiliated hospital of China Medical 
      University, Shenyang, China.
FAU - Jin, Shi
AU  - Jin S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4462-2931
AD  - National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Cencer for Cancer/Cancer 
      Hospital &Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Perking 
      Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
FAU - Li, Jisheng
AU  - Li J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4186-6228
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 
      China.
FAU - Li, Min
AU  - Li M
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, China.
FAU - Li, Ziming
AU  - Li Z
AD  - Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong 
      University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Li, Chao
AU  - Li C
AD  - Department of Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, 
      Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lin, Jie
AU  - Lin J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical 
      University, Kunming, China.
FAU - Liu, Anwen
AU  - Liu A
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang 
      University, Nanchang, China.
FAU - Liu, Si-Yang Maggie
AU  - Liu SM
AD  - Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Ji'nan University, 
      Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Yutao, Liu
AU  - Yutao L
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical 
      Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 
      and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
FAU - Liu, Zhefeng
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Liu, Zhe
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Liu, Zhenhua
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Department of Oncology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Liu, Zhentian
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, China.
FAU - Liu, Zhigang
AU  - Liu Z
AD  - Cancer Center, The 10th Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 
      Dongguan, China.
FAU - Lu, Yuping
AU  - Lu Y
AD  - Department of Abdominal Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Lv, Tangfeng
AU  - Lv T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7224-8468
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School 
      of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
FAU - Ma, Zhiyong
AU  - Ma Z
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer 
      Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
FAU - Miao, Qian
AU  - Miao Q
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Peng, Min
AU  - Peng M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6648-945X
AD  - Cancer cenrter, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Pu, Xingxiang
AU  - Pu X
AD  - Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated 
      Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 
      Changsha, China.
FAU - Ren, Xiu Bao
AU  - Ren XB
AD  - Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and 
      Hospital, Tianjin, China.
FAU - Shan, Jianzhen
AU  - Shan J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang 
      University, Zhejiang, China.
FAU - Shan, Jinlu
AU  - Shan J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, 
      Chongqing, China.
FAU - Shen, Peng
AU  - Shen P
AD  - Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 
      China.
FAU - Shen, Bo
AU  - Shen B
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5709-5213
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of 
      Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Shi, Meiqi
AU  - Shi M
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of 
      Cancer Research and Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 
      Nanjing, China.
FAU - Song, Yong
AU  - Song Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4979-4131
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School 
      of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
FAU - Song, Zhengbo
AU  - Song Z
AD  - Department of Clinical Trial, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Su, ChunXia
AU  - Su C
AD  - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, 
      Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Sun, Jianguo
AU  - Sun J
AD  - Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
FAU - Tian, Panwen
AU  - Tian P
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6313-3228
AD  - Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Pulmonary 
      and Critical Care Medicine, Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan 
      University, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Wang, Jinliang
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Senior Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
FAU - Wang, Feng
AU  - Wang F
AD  - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Huijuan
AU  - Wang H
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Henan cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer 
      Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Jialei
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Wang, Qian
AU  - Wang Q
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of 
      Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
FAU - Wang, Wenxian
AU  - Wang W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3047-4149
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Wang, Yan
AU  - Wang Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1743-6383
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical 
      Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 
      and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
FAU - Wu, Lin
AU  - Wu L
AD  - Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated 
      Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 
      Changsha, China.
FAU - Wu, Fang
AU  - Wu F
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6627-3437
AD  - Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 
      Changsha, China.
FAU - Xia, Yang
AU  - Xia Y
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2487-2244
AD  - Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital 
      of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
FAU - Xie, Congying
AU  - Xie C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1693-9034
AD  - Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of 
      Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
FAU - Xie, Conghua
AU  - Xie C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6623-9864
AD  - Department of Pulmonary Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 
      China.
FAU - Xin, Tao
AU  - Xin T
AD  - Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical 
      University, Harbin, China.
FAU - Xiong, Jianping
AU  - Xiong J
AD  - Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 
      Nanchang, China.
FAU - Xu, Haipeng
AU  - Xu H
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Xu, Song
AU  - Xu S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6153-387X
AD  - Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 
      Tianjin, China.
FAU - Xu, Yiquan
AU  - Xu Y
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Xu, Bin
AU  - Xu B
AD  - Cancer cenrter, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Xu, Chunwei
AU  - Xu C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9021-6731
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School 
      of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
FAU - Yan, Xiaolong
AU  - Yan X
AD  - Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 
      Xi'an, China.
FAU - Yang, Zhenzhou
AU  - Yang Z
AD  - Department of Cancer Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical 
      University, Chongqing, China.
FAU - Yao, Wenxiu
AU  - Yao W
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic 
      Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Yu, Yao
AU  - Yu Y
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Feng, Ye
AU  - Feng Y
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Antitumor Drug 
      Transformation Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, 
      School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
FAU - Yu, Zongyang
AU  - Yu Z
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 900th Hospital of the Joint Logistic 
      Support Force, People's Liberation Army of China, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Yu, Yongfeng
AU  - Yu Y
AD  - Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong 
      University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Yue, Dongsheng
AU  - Yue D
AD  - Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and 
      Hospital, Tianjin, China.
FAU - Zhang, Haibo
AU  - Zhang H
AD  - Department of Oncology, Guangdong Provicial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, 
      Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, HongMei
AU  - Zhang H
AD  - Department of Clinical Oncology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 
      Xi'an, China.
FAU - Zhang, Li
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong 
      University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Zhang, Longfeng
AU  - Zhang L
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, Qiuyu
AU  - Zhang Q
AD  - Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, Tongmei
AU  - Zhang T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4271-3773
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical 
      University, Beijing, China.
FAU - Zhang, Bicheng
AU  - Zhang B
AD  - Cancer cenrter, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
FAU - Zhao, Jun
AU  - Zhao J
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1464-7158
AD  - Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of 
      Education/Beijing), Department I of Thoracic Oncology, Peking University Cancer 
      Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
FAU - Zhao, Mingfang
AU  - Zhao M
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, The First affiliated hospital of China Medical 
      University, Shenyang, China.
FAU - Zheng, Xiaobin
AU  - Zheng X
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Zhong, Qiaofeng
AU  - Zhong Q
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
FAU - Zhou, Jin
AU  - Zhou J
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic 
      Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
FAU - Zhou, Penghui
AU  - Zhou P
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer 
      Center, Guangzhou, China.
FAU - Zhu, Zhengfei
AU  - Zhu Z
AD  - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Zou, Juntao
AU  - Zou J
AD  - Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang 
      University, Nanchang, China.
FAU - Zou, Zihua
AU  - Zou Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0677-3998
AD  - Department of Thoracic Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical 
      University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240114
PL  - Singapore
TA  - Thorac Cancer
JT  - Thoracic cancer
JID - 101531441
RN  - 0 (Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
MH  - *Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
MH  - Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Consensus
MH  - Immunotherapy
PMC - PMC10864121
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ICI
OT  - NSCLC
OT  - re-challenge
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/01/15 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/15 06:42
PMCR- 2024/01/14
CRDT- 2024/01/14 19:32
PHST- 2023/11/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/15 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/15 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/14 19:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - TCA15209 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/1759-7714.15209 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Thorac Cancer. 2024 Feb;15(5):419-426. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15209. Epub 2024 
      Jan 14.