PMID- 38222203
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240116
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Stimulation of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Mixed Cultures of Peripheral Blood 
      Mononuclear Cells and Anaerobic Bacteria.
PG  - e50586
LID - 10.7759/cureus.50586 [doi]
LID - e50586
AB  - In the last couple of decades, much progress has been made in studying bacteria 
      living in humans. However, there is much more to learn about bacteria immune cell 
      interactions. Here, we show that anaerobic bacteria do not grow when cultured 
      overnight with human cells under atmospheric air. Air contains about 18% oxygen, 
      which inhibits the growth of these bacteria while supporting the cultivation of 
      human cells. The bacteria cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells 
      (PBMCs) inflamed with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) greatly increased the production 
      of proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) while 
      inhibiting the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), an 
      important chemokine.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Torres et al.
FAU - Torres, Anthony R
AU  - Torres AR
AD  - Microbiology, Nutri-Biome, Ogden, USA.
FAU - Morris, Shayne
AU  - Morris S
AD  - Microbiology, Nutri-Biome, Ogden, USA.
FAU - Benson, Michael
AU  - Benson M
AD  - Microbiology, Nutri-Biome, Ogden, USA.
FAU - Wilkinson, Craig
AU  - Wilkinson C
AD  - Statistics, Nutri-Biome, Ogden, USA.
FAU - Lyon, Rachael
AU  - Lyon R
AD  - Consultancy, Nutri-Biome, Ogden, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20231215
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10788116
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anaerobic bacteria
OT  - chemiluminescence immunoassay
OT  - human microbiome
OT  - inflammation
OT  - peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc)
OT  - proinflammatory cytokines
COIS- Dr. Anthony R. Torres and Dr. Shayne Morris have applied for a provisional 
      patent. The other authors have contributed to the research under direction of 
      Drs. Torres and Morris. However, they were not involved in the invention of 
      mixing PBMC cells with anaerobic bacteria.
EDAT- 2024/01/15 06:42
MHDA- 2024/01/15 06:43
PMCR- 2023/12/15
CRDT- 2024/01/15 04:30
PHST- 2023/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/15 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/15 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/15 04:30 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.50586 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Dec 15;15(12):e50586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.50586. eCollection 2023 
      Dec.