PMID- 38229182 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240119 IS - 2055-5660 (Print) IS - 2055-5660 (Electronic) IS - 2055-5660 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 1 DP - 2024 Jan 16 TI - Frequency of PCV-2 viremia in nursery piglets from a Spanish swine integration system in 2020 and 2022 considering PRRSV infection status. PG - 4 LID - 10.1186/s40813-024-00354-0 [doi] LID - 4 AB - BACKGROUND: Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) poses a significant economic threat for the swine industry, causing a range of diseases collectively referred to as porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs). Despite PCV-2 vaccine effectiveness, the need for monitoring infectious pressure remains. PCV-2 coinfection with other pathogens like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can exacerbate disease severity and lead to PCV-2-systemic disease cases. Monitoring both PRRSV and PCV-2 in co-infected farms is crucial for an effective management and vaccination programs. The present cross-sectional study aimed to determine PCV-2 antibody levels in piglets at weaning and PCV-2 and PRRSV viremia in pooled serum samples at weaning (vaccination age) and at 6 and 9 weeks of age from a Spanish swine integration system in 2020 (48 farms) and in 2022 (28 out of the 48 analysed previously). RESULTS: The frequency of PCV-2 detection in pools of piglet sera was 2.1% (2020) and 7.1% (2022) at vaccination age but increased at the end of the nursery period (10.4% in 2020 and 39.3% in 2022) in both years. Co-infections between PCV-2 and PRRSV were detected in a significant proportion of PRRSV positive farms (15% in 2020, and 60% in 2022). PCV-2 antibody levels (ELISA S/P ratios) at weaning were lower in PCV-2 qPCR positive farms at different sampling time-points (0.361 in 2020 and 0.378 in 2022) compared to PCV-2 qPCR negative ones (0.587 in 2020 and 0.541 in 2022). The 28 farms tested both years were classified in four different epidemiological scenarios depending on their PCV-2 virological status. Those PCV-2 qPCR negative farms in 2020 that turned to be positive in 2022 had a statistically significant increase of PRRSV RT-qPCR detection and a PCV-2 antibody levels reduction, facts that were not observed in the rest of the scenarios. CONCLUSION: This epidemiological study in farms from the same integration system determined the occurrence, in 2020 and in 2022, of PCV-2 and PRRSV infections in piglets during the nursery period by using pooled serum samples. CI - (c) 2024. The Author(s). FAU - Sagrera, Monica AU - Sagrera M AD - IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de La UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. AD - Unitat Mixta d'Investigacio IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Garza-Moreno, Laura AU - Garza-Moreno L AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Sibila, Marina AU - Sibila M AD - IRTA. Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de La UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain. AD - Unitat Mixta d'Investigacio IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. AD - WOAH Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases (IRTA-CReSA), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Oliver-Ferrando, Salvador AU - Oliver-Ferrando S AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Carceles, Sonia AU - Carceles S AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Casanovas, Carlos AU - Casanovas C AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Prieto, Patricia AU - Prieto P AD - Inga Food S.A., Ronda de Poniente, 9, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Garcia-Flores, Alberto AU - Garcia-Flores A AD - Inga Food S.A., Ronda de Poniente, 9, 28760, Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain. FAU - Espigares, David AU - Espigares D AD - Ceva Salud Animal, Avenida Diagonal, 609-615, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. FAU - Segales, Joaquim AU - Segales J AD - Unitat Mixta d'Investigacio IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Joaquim.segales@irta.cat. AD - WOAH Collaborating Center for Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Pig Diseases (IRTA-CReSA), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Joaquim.segales@irta.cat. AD - Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinaria, UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. Joaquim.segales@irta.cat. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240116 PL - England TA - Porcine Health Manag JT - Porcine health management JID - 101684126 PMC - PMC10792786 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Detection frequency OT - Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) OT - Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) OT - Spain OT - Viremia COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. Monica Sagrera, Laura Garza-Moreno, Salvador Oliver-Ferrando, Sonia Carceles, Carlos Casanovas and David Espigares are employees of Ceva Salud Animal. EDAT- 2024/01/17 00:42 MHDA- 2024/01/17 00:43 PMCR- 2024/01/16 CRDT- 2024/01/16 23:43 PHST- 2023/11/23 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/17 00:43 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/17 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/16 23:43 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/16 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s40813-024-00354-0 [pii] AID - 354 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s40813-024-00354-0 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Porcine Health Manag. 2024 Jan 16;10(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40813-024-00354-0.