PMID- 38237580
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240325
LR  - 20240325
IS  - 1555-0273 (Electronic)
IS  - 1555-0265 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 4
DP  - 2024 Apr 1
TI  - Effects of In-Exercise Carbohydrate Supplementation on Prolonged High-Intensity 
      Exercise Performance in Oral Contraceptive Users.
PG  - 356-364
LID - 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0143 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: To examine the impact of oral contraceptive (OC) phases on performance, 
      physiological, and subjective responses to prolonged, intensive exercise when 
      carbohydrate (CHO) stores are reduced. METHODS: Ten well-trained female cyclists 
      using monophasic OC completed 4 identical trials (>150 min) under conditions of 
      in-trial 60-g.h-1 CHO supplementation (CHO+) or placebo (CHO-) during the sugar- 
      (SUG) and active-pill (ACT) phases of their OC cycle. Each trial comprised two 
      400-kcal time trials (TT) separated by 1 hour of submaximal cycling at first 
      ventilatory threshold. RESULTS: Change in completion time from TT1 to TT2 was 
      minimized in CHO+ compared with CHO- (4.06 [2.55] vs 6.08 [5.33] min; P = .019, 
      effect size = -0.36). An interaction effect of OC and CHO was observed for time 
      to complete TT (P = .006), mean TT power (P = .002), mean TT heart rate (P = 
      .002), and posttrial emotional balance (P = .020) and negative emotional state (P 
      = .033). In ACT, mean TT power and heart rate were higher in CHO+ when compared 
      with CHO-, resulting in faster TTs in CHO+ and improved posttrial emotional 
      well-being. When CHO was not supplemented, TT power and heart rate were higher in 
      SUG when compared with ACT, resulting in faster TTs in SUG and improved posttrial 
      emotional balance. CONCLUSION: CHO depletion during ACT negatively influenced TT 
      performance and emotional well-being when compared with SUG. Irrespective of OC 
      pill phase, CHO supplementation should be prioritized to sustain performance and 
      improve postexercise recovery-stress balance.
FAU - Lee, Serene J L
AU  - Lee SJL
AD  - Center for Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
AD  - Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 
      Australia.
FAU - Van Rens, Fleur E C A
AU  - Van Rens FECA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6305-3359
AD  - Discipline of Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
FAU - Peiffer, Jeremiah J
AU  - Peiffer JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3331-1177
AD  - Center for Healthy Aging, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
AD  - Murdoch Applied Sports Science Laboratory, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240118
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Sports Physiol Perform
JT  - International journal of sports physiology and performance
JID - 101276430
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Contraceptives, Oral)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - *Dietary Carbohydrates
MH  - *Exercise/physiology
MH  - Blood Glucose
MH  - Bicycling/physiology
MH  - Dietary Supplements
MH  - Contraceptives, Oral
MH  - Physical Endurance/physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - endurance exercise
OT  - female athlete
OT  - nutrition
OT  - phase difference
OT  - time trial
EDAT- 2024/01/19 00:42
MHDA- 2024/03/25 06:42
CRDT- 2024/01/18 18:36
PHST- 2023/04/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/11/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/03/25 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/19 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/18 18:36 [entrez]
AID - 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0143 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2024 Jan 18;19(4):356-364. doi: 
      10.1123/ijspp.2023-0143. Print 2024 Apr 1.