PMID- 38241219 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240122 LR - 20240201 IS - 1932-6203 (Electronic) IS - 1932-6203 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2024 TI - Assessment of temperature and time on the survivability of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) on experimentally contaminated surfaces. PG - e0291181 LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291181 [doi] LID - e0291181 AB - Fomites might be responsible for virus introduction in swine farms, highlighting the importance of implementing practices to minimize the probability of virus introduction. The study's objective was to assess the efficacy of different combinations of temperatures and holding-times on detecting live PRRSV and PEDV on surfaces commonly found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. Two PRRSV isolates (MN 184 and 1-4-4 L1C variant) and one PEDV isolate (NC 49469/2013) were inoculated on cardboard and aluminum. An experimental study tested combinations of four temperatures (20 degrees C, 30 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and 50 degrees C) and six holding-times (15 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours) for the presence of the viruses on each surface type. After virus titration, virus presence was assessed by assessing the cytopathic effects and immunofluorescence staining. The titers were expressed as log10 TCID50/ml, and regression models; half-lives equations were calculated to assess differences between treatments and time to not detect the live virus. The results suggest that the minimum time that surfaces should be held to not detect the virus at 30 degrees C was 24 hours, 40 degrees C required 12 hours, and 50 degrees C required 6 hours; aluminum surfaces took longer to reach the desired temperature compared to cardboard. The results suggest that PRRSV 1-4-4 L1C variant had higher half-lives at higher temperatures than PRRSV MN 184. In conclusion, time and temperature combinations effectively decrease the concentration of PRRSV and PEDV on different surfaces found in supply entry rooms in swine farms. CI - Copyright: (c) 2024 Mil-Homens et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. FAU - Mil-Homens, Mafalda AU - Mil-Homens M AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Aljets, Ethan AU - Aljets E AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Paiva, Rodrigo C AU - Paiva RC AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Machado, Isadora AU - Machado I AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Cezar, Guilherme AU - Cezar G AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3554-457X AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Osemeke, Onyekachukwu AU - Osemeke O AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Moraes, Daniel AU - Moraes D AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7581-3482 AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Jayaraman, Swaminathan AU - Jayaraman S AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Brinning, Mckenna AU - Brinning M AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Poeta Silva, Ana Paula AU - Poeta Silva AP AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6069-5014 AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Tidgren, Lauren AU - Tidgren L AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Durflinger, Madison AU - Durflinger M AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Wilhelm, Mallory AU - Wilhelm M AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Flores, Vivian AU - Flores V AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Frenier, Jolie AU - Frenier J AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Linhares, Daniel AU - Linhares D AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Zhang, Jianqiang AU - Zhang J AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Holtkamp, Derald AU - Holtkamp D AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. FAU - Silva, Gustavo S AU - Silva GS AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5884-8803 AD - Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States of America. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240119 PL - United States TA - PLoS One JT - PloS one JID - 101285081 RN - CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum) SB - IM MH - Swine MH - Animals MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus MH - Temperature MH - *Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus MH - Aluminum MH - *Swine Diseases MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome PMC - PMC10798431 COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. EDAT- 2024/01/19 18:30 MHDA- 2024/01/22 06:42 PMCR- 2024/01/19 CRDT- 2024/01/19 13:33 PHST- 2023/03/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/08/22 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/22 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/19 18:30 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/19 13:33 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/19 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - PONE-D-23-08918 [pii] AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291181 [doi] PST - epublish SO - PLoS One. 2024 Jan 19;19(1):e0291181. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291181. eCollection 2024.