PMID- 38256888
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240129
IS  - 1424-8247 (Print)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8247 (Linking)
VI  - 17
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Dec 28
TI  - Triterpenes Drug Delivery Systems, a Modern Approach for Arthritis Targeted 
      Therapy.
LID - 10.3390/ph17010054 [doi]
LID - 54
AB  - Arthritis is a major cause of disability. Currently available anti-arthritic 
      drugs, such as disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), have serious 
      side-effects associated with long-term use. Triterpenoids are natural products 
      with known anti-inflammatory properties, and many have revealed efficiency 
      against arthritis both in vitro and in vivo in several animal models, with 
      negligible cytotoxicity. However, poor bioavailability due to low water 
      solubility and extensive metabolism upon oral administration hinder the 
      therapeutic use of anti-arthritic triterpenoids. Therefore, drug delivery systems 
      (DDSs) able to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of triterpenoids and achieve 
      sustained drug release are useful alternatives for targeted delivery in arthritis 
      treatment. Several DDSs have been described in the literature for triterpenoid 
      delivery, including microparticulate and nanoparticulate DDSs, such as polymeric 
      micro and nanoparticles (NPs), polymeric micelles, liposomes, micro and 
      nanoemulsions, and hydrogels. These systems have shown superior therapeutic 
      effects in arthritis compared to the free drugs and are similar to currently 
      available anti-arthritic drugs without significant side-effects. This review 
      focuses on nanocarriers for triterpenoid delivery in arthritis therapy, including 
      osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and gout that appeared in the 
      literature in the last ten years.
FAU - Faustino, Celia
AU  - Faustino C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4599-8404
AD  - Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmacia, 
      Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
FAU - Duarte, Noelia
AU  - Duarte N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3119-8745
AD  - Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmacia, 
      Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
FAU - Pinheiro, Lidia
AU  - Pinheiro L
AD  - Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmacia, 
      Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231228
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
JT  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101238453
PMC - PMC10819636
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - arthritis
OT  - drug delivery systems
OT  - gout
OT  - osteoarthritis
OT  - triterpenes
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2024/01/23 06:43
MHDA- 2024/01/23 06:44
PMCR- 2023/12/28
CRDT- 2024/01/23 01:17
PHST- 2023/10/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/12/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/23 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/23 06:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/23 01:17 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/28 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ph17010054 [pii]
AID - pharmaceuticals-17-00054 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ph17010054 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023 Dec 28;17(1):54. doi: 10.3390/ph17010054.