PMID- 38261569
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240125
LR  - 20240201
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024
TI  - Comparative analysis and FPGA realization of different control synchronization 
      approaches for chaos-based secured communication systems.
PG  - e0291714
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291714 [doi]
LID - e0291714
AB  - Synchronization of the chaotic systems has attracted much attention in recent 
      years due to its vital applications in secured communication systems. In this 
      paper, an implementation and comparative analysis of two different control 
      approaches for synchronization between two identical four-dimensional 
      hyperchaotic systems is presented. The two control approaches are the Adaptive 
      nonlinear controller and the linear optimal quadratic regulator LQR. To 
      demonstrate the effectiveness of each controller, the numerical simulation is 
      presented using Matlab/Simulink and the control law is derived. The performance 
      of the proposed controllers is compared based on four factors; response time, 
      squared error integration, energy applied from the controller, and cost function. 
      To measure the robustness of the control approaches, the performance factors are 
      compared when there is a change in system parameters and a variation in the 
      initial conditions. Then the proposed synchronization methods are implemented on 
      the FPGA platform to demonstrate the utilized resources on Field Programmable 
      Gate Array (FPGA) hardware platform and the operation speed. Finally, to 
      generalize the results of the comparison, the study is implemented for the 
      synchronization of another secured communication system consisting of two 
      identical three-dimensional chaotic. The experimental results show that the LQR 
      method is more effective than the Adaptive controller based on the performance 
      factors we propose. Moreover, the LQR is much simpler to implement on hardware 
      and requires fewer resources on the FPGA.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2024 Bonny et al. This is an open access article distributed under 
      the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted 
      use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author 
      and source are credited.
FAU - Bonny, Talal
AU  - Bonny T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1111-0304
AD  - Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab 
      Emirates.
FAU - Al Nassan, Wafaa
AU  - Al Nassan W
AD  - Department of Computer Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab 
      Emirates.
FAU - Sambas, Aceng
AU  - Sambas A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1623-0770
AD  - Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong 
      Badak, Terengganu, Malaysia.
AD  - Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tasikmalaya, 
      Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240123
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Computer Simulation
MH  - *Durable Medical Equipment
MH  - Reaction Time
MH  - *Communication
PMC - PMC10824461
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2024/01/23 18:42
MHDA- 2024/01/25 06:43
PMCR- 2024/01/23
CRDT- 2024/01/23 13:33
PHST- 2023/06/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/25 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/23 18:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/23 13:33 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-23-16430 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0291714 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2024 Jan 23;19(1):e0291714. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291714. 
      eCollection 2024.