PMID- 38263356
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240126
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 1
DP  - 2024 Jan 23
TI  - Unveiling optical soliton solutions and bifurcation analysis in the space-time 
      fractional Fokas-Lenells equation via SSE approach.
PG  - 2000
LID - 10.1038/s41598-024-52308-9 [doi]
LID - 2000
AB  - The space-time fractional Fokas-Lenells (STFFL) equation serves as a fundamental 
      mathematical model employed in telecommunications and transmission technology, 
      elucidating the intricate dynamics of nonlinear pulse propagation in optical 
      fibers. This study employs the Sardar sub-equation (SSE) approach within the 
      STFFL equation framework to explore uncharted territories, uncovering a myriad of 
      optical soliton solutions (OSSs) and conducting a thorough analysis of their 
      bifurcations. The discovered OSSs encompass a diverse array, including 
      bright-dark, periodic, multiple bright-dark solitons, and various other types, 
      forming a captivating spectrum. These solutions reveal an intricate interplay 
      among bright-dark solitons, complex periodic sequences, rhythmic breathers, 
      coexistence of multiple bright-dark solitons, alongside intriguing phenomena like 
      kinks, anti-kinks, and dark-bell solitons. This exploration, built upon 
      meticulous literature review, unveils previously undiscovered wave patterns 
      within the dynamic framework of the STFFL equation, significantly expanding the 
      theoretical understanding and paving the way for innovative applications. 
      Utilizing 2D, contour, and 3D diagrams, we illustrate the influence of fractional 
      and temporal parameters on these solutions. Furthermore, comprehensive 2D, 3D, 
      contour, and bifurcation analysis diagrams scrutinize the nonlinear effects 
      inherent in the STFFL equation. Employing a Hamiltonian function (HF) enables 
      detailed phase-plane dynamics analysis, complemented by simulations conducted 
      using Python and MAPLE software. The practical implications of the discovered OSS 
      solutions extend to real-world physical events, underlining the efficacy and 
      applicability of the SSE scheme in solving time-space nonlinear fractional 
      differential equations (TSNLFDEs). Hence, it is crucial to acknowledge the SSE 
      technique as a direct, efficient, and reliable numerical tool, illuminating 
      precise outcomes in nonlinear comparisons.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s).
FAU - Refaie Ali, Ahmed
AU  - Refaie Ali A
AD  - Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Menoufia 
      University, Shebin El Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt. 
      ahmed.refaie@science.menofia.edu.eg.
FAU - Alam, Md Nur
AU  - Alam MN
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 
      6600, Bangladesh.
FAU - Parven, Mst Wahida
AU  - Parven MW
AD  - Department of Mathematics, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 
      6600, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240123
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC10806098
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2024/01/24 00:43
MHDA- 2024/01/24 00:44
PMCR- 2024/01/23
CRDT- 2024/01/23 23:55
PHST- 2023/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/24 00:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/24 00:43 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/23 23:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-52308-9 [pii]
AID - 52308 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-024-52308-9 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2024 Jan 23;14(1):2000. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-52308-9.