PMID- 38264480 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20240125 IS - 1664-302X (Print) IS - 1664-302X (Electronic) IS - 1664-302X (Linking) VI - 14 DP - 2023 TI - The addition of discrimination inhibitors stimulations discrimination potential and N(2)O emissions were linked to predation among microorganisms in long term nitrogen application and straw returning systems. PG - 1337507 LID - 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1337507 [doi] LID - 1337507 AB - INTRODUCTION: Ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) have been proven to be key microorganisms driving the ammonia oxidation process. However, under different fertilization practices, there is a lack of research on the impact of interaction between predators and AOA or AOB on nitrogen cycling at the multi-trophic level. METHODS: In this study, a network-oriented microscopic culture experiment was established based on four different long-term fertilization practices soils. We used the nitrification inhibitors 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxide-3-oxyl (PTIO) and 3, 4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) inhibited AOA and AOB, respectively, to explore the impact of interaction between protists and AOA or AOB on nitrogen transformation. RESULTS: The results showed that long-term nitrogen application promoted the potential nitrification rate (PNR) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) emission, and significantly increased the gene abundance of AOB, but had no obvious effect on AOA gene abundance. DMPP significantly reduced N(2)O emission and PNR, while PTIO had no obvious effect on them. Accordingly, in the multi-trophic microbial network, Cercozoa and Proteobacteria were identified as keystone taxa of protists and AOB, respectively, and were significantly positively correlated with N(2)O, PNR and nitrate nitrogen. However, Nitrososphaerota archaeon as the keystone species of AOA, had an obvious negative linkage to these indicators. The structural equation model (SEM) showed that AOA and AOB may be competitors to each other. Protists may promote AOB diversity through direct trophic interaction with AOA. CONCLUSION: The interaction pattern between protists and ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms significantly affects potential nitrification rate and N(2)O emission, which has important implications for soil nitrogen cycle. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 Jia, Zhou, Ma, Qiu, Zhang, Wang, Zhang, Chen, Ma, Zhao and Xue. FAU - Jia, Chunhua AU - Jia C AD - Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land (Shenyang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China. AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Zhou, Guixiang AU - Zhou G AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Ma, Ling AU - Ma L AD - Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land (Shenyang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China. AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Qiu, Xiuwen AU - Qiu X AD - College of Landscape Architecture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, China. FAU - Zhang, Jiabao AU - Zhang J AD - Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land (Shenyang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China. AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Wang, Jingkuan AU - Wang J AD - Northeast Key Laboratory of Conservation and Improvement of Cultivated Land (Shenyang), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China. FAU - Zhang, Congzhi AU - Zhang C AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Chen, Lin AU - Chen L AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Ma, Donghao AU - Ma D AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. FAU - Zhao, Zhanhui AU - Zhao Z AD - School of Geomatics and Urban Spatial Informatics, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, Henan, China. FAU - Xue, Zaiqi AU - Xue Z AD - Fengqiu Experimental Station of National Ecosystem Research Network of China, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240109 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Microbiol JT - Frontiers in microbiology JID - 101548977 PMC - PMC10803610 OTO - NOTNLM OT - N2O emission OT - ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (archaea) OT - keystone taxa OT - potential nitrification rate OT - predatory relationship OT - protists COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision. EDAT- 2024/01/24 06:43 MHDA- 2024/01/24 06:44 PMCR- 2024/01/09 CRDT- 2024/01/24 03:53 PHST- 2023/11/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/12/19 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/01/24 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/24 06:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/24 03:53 [entrez] PHST- 2024/01/09 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1337507 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Microbiol. 2024 Jan 9;14:1337507. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1337507. eCollection 2023.