PMID- 38266405
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240219
LR  - 20240219
IS  - 1872-7727 (Electronic)
IS  - 0720-048X (Linking)
VI  - 172
DP  - 2024 Mar
TI  - Estimation of size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) of CT scans using an effective 
      diameter electron density.
PG  - 111311
LID - S0720-048X(24)00027-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111311 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: An assessment of the effective diameter of a patient's body using 
      electron densities of tissues inside the scan area (D(eff)(rhoe)) was proposed to 
      overcome challenges associated with the estimation of water-equivalent diameter 
      (D(w)), which is used for size-specific dose estimate (SSDE). The aims of this 
      study were to (1) investigate the D(eff)(rhoe) method in two different forms using 
      a wide range of patient sizes and scanning protocols, and (2) compare between 
      four methods used to estimate the patient size for SSDE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      Under IRB approval, a total of 350 patients of varying sizes have been collected 
      retrospectively from the Hospital. The D(w) values were assessed over six 
      different CT body protocols: (1) chest with contrast media, (2) chest 
      High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) without contrast media, (3) 
      abdomen-pelvis with contrast media, (4) abdomen-pelvis without contrast media, 
      (5) chest-abdomen-pelvis with contrast media, and (6) pelvis without contrast 
      media. A MATLAB-based code was developed in-house to assess the size of each 
      patient using the conventional effective diameter method (D(eff)), D(eff)(rhoe) by 
      correcting either both the lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) dimensions 
      (D(eff,LAT+AP)(rhoe)) or LAT only (D(eff,LAT)(rhoe)), and D(w) at the mid-CT slice of 
      the patient images. RESULTS: The results of D(eff,LAT+AP)(rhoe) and D(eff,LAT)(rhoe) 
      provided a better estimation for the chest protocols with the averages of 
      absolute percentage difference (PD) values in the range of 3 - 7 % for all 
      patient sizes as compared to the D(w) method, whereas the averages of PD values 
      for the D(eff) method were 9 - 15 %. However, D(eff) gave a better estimation for 
      D(w) values for the other body protocols, with differences of 2 - 4 %, which were 
      lower than those obtained with the D(eff,LAT+AP)(rhoe) and D(eff,LAT)(rhoe) methods. 
      For the chest protocols, statistically significant differences were found between 
      D(eff) and the other methods, but there were no significant differences between 
      all the methods for the other scanning protocols. The results show that the 
      correction of both dimensions, LAT and AP, did not improve the accuracy of the 
      D(eff)(rhoe) method, and, for most protocols, D(eff,LAT+AP)(rhoe) gave larger range 
      differences compared to those based on correction of the LAT dimension only. 
      CONCLUSION: If the D(w) cannot be assessed, the D(eff,LAT)(rhoe) method may only be 
      considered for the chest protocols as an alternative approach. The D(eff) method 
      may also be used for all regions taking into account the application of a 
      correction factor for the chest protocols to avoid a significant under or 
      overestimation of the patient dose.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Almuqbil, Khuloud
AU  - Almuqbil K
AD  - Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Abuhaimed, Abdullah
AU  - Abuhaimed A
AD  - King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), P.O Box 6086, Riyadh 
      11442 Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: aabuhaimed@kacst.edu.sa.
FAU - Abanomy, Ahmed
AU  - Abanomy A
AD  - Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alashban, Yazeed
AU  - Alashban Y
AD  - Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alhawas, Abdulrahman
AU  - Alhawas A
AD  - Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Medicine, King Saud 
      University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh 4545, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Martin, Colin J
AU  - Martin CJ
AD  - Department of Clinical Physics and Bio-Engineering, Gartnavel Royal Hospital, 
      University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240112
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Eur J Radiol
JT  - European journal of radiology
JID - 8106411
RN  - 0 (Contrast Media)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Radiation Dosage
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - *Contrast Media
MH  - *Electrons
MH  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Effective diameter (D(eff))
OT  - Electron Density Effective Diameter ()
OT  - Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE)
OT  - The lateral (LAT) and anterior-posterior (AP) dimensions
OT  - Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI(vol))
OT  - Water equivalent diameter (D(w))
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/01/25 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/19 06:42
CRDT- 2024/01/24 18:06
PHST- 2023/09/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/19 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/25 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/24 18:06 [entrez]
AID - S0720-048X(24)00027-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111311 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Radiol. 2024 Mar;172:111311. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111311. Epub 2024 
      Jan 12.