PMID- 38272136 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240311 LR - 20240311 IS - 1879-1298 (Electronic) IS - 0045-6535 (Linking) VI - 352 DP - 2024 Mar TI - Novel chemical contaminants associated with thirdhand smoke in settled house dust. PG - 141138 LID - S0045-6535(24)00031-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141138 [doi] AB - Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the persistent and toxic residue from tobacco smoke in indoor environments. A comprehensive understanding of the chemical constituents of THS is necessary to assess the risks of long-term exposure and to establish reliable THS tracers. The objective of this study was to investigate compounds associated with THS through nontargeted analysis (NTA) of settled house dust samples from smokers' and non-smokers' homes, using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOF-MS). Compounds that were either only present in dust from smokers' homes or that had significantly larger abundance than in non-smokers' homes were termed qualified compounds. We identified 140 qualified compounds, and of these, 42 compounds were tentatively identified by searching matching mass spectra in NIST electron impact (EI) mass spectral library including 20 compounds confirmed with their authentic standards. Among the 42 compounds, 26 compounds were statistically more abundant (p < 0.10) in dust from homes of smokers; seven were tobacco-specific compounds, two of which (nornicotyrine, 3-ethenylpyridine) have not been reported before in house dust. Two compounds, tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (a toxic compound used as a flame retardant and reported in tobacco) and propanoic acid, 2-methyl-, 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2-methyl-1,3-propanediyl ester (highly abundant and reported in exhaled air of smokers), were found in dust from all smokers' homes and in zero non-smokers' homes, making these potential THS tracers, possibly associated with recent smoking. Benzyl methyl ketone was significantly higher in dust in smokers' homes, and was previously reported not as a product of tobacco but rather as a form of methamphetamine. This compound was recently reported in mainstream tobacco smoke condensate through NTA as well. These identified potential tracers and chemical components of THS in this study can be further investigated for use in developing THS contamination and exposure assessments. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Richardot, William H AU - Richardot WH AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Hamzai, Laila AU - Hamzai L AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA. FAU - Ghukasyan, Tigran AU - Ghukasyan T AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA. FAU - Dodder, Nathan G AU - Dodder NG AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Quintana, Penelope Je AU - Quintana PJ AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA. FAU - Matt, Georg E AU - Matt GE AD - Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4611, USA. FAU - Sant, Karilyn E AU - Sant KE AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA. FAU - Lopez-Galvez, Nicolas AU - Lopez-Galvez N AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA; San Diego State University Research Foundation, 5250 Campanile Dr., San Diego, CA, 92182, USA. FAU - Hoh, Eunha AU - Hoh E AD - School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA, 92182-4162, USA. Electronic address: ehoh@sdsu.edu. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240123 PL - England TA - Chemosphere JT - Chemosphere JID - 0320657 RN - 0 (Dust) RN - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine) RN - 0 (Organophosphates) RN - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution) RN - 32IVO568B0 (tris(chloroethyl)phosphate) SB - IM MH - *Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis MH - Dust/analysis MH - Nicotine/analysis MH - *Organophosphates MH - *Tobacco Smoke Pollution/analysis OTO - NOTNLM OT - House dust OT - Indoor pollution OT - Nontargeted chemical analysis OT - Tobacco smoke COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2024/01/26 00:43 MHDA- 2024/03/11 06:42 CRDT- 2024/01/25 19:13 PHST- 2023/10/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/03 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/04 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/03/11 06:42 [medline] PHST- 2024/01/26 00:43 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/01/25 19:13 [entrez] AID - S0045-6535(24)00031-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141138 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Chemosphere. 2024 Mar;352:141138. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141138. Epub 2024 Jan 23.