PMID- 38277035
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240126
IS  - 1572-8773 (Electronic)
IS  - 0966-0844 (Linking)
DP  - 2024 Jan 26
TI  - Cadmium toxicity and autophagy: a review.
LID - 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y [doi]
AB  - Cadmium (Cd) is an important environmental pollutant that poses a threat to human 
      health and represents a critical component of air pollutants, food sources, and 
      cigarette smoke. Cd is a known carcinogen and has toxic effects on the 
      environment and various organs in humans. Heavy metals within an organism are 
      difficult to biodegrade, and those that enter the respiratory tract are difficult 
      to remove. Autophagy is a key mechanism for counteracting extracellular 
      (microorganisms and foreign bodies) or intracellular (damaged organelles and 
      proteins that cannot be degraded by the proteasome) stress and represents a 
      self-protective mechanism for eukaryotes against heavy metal toxicity. Autophagy 
      maintains cellular homeostasis by isolating and gathering information about 
      foreign chemicals associated with other molecular events. However, autophagy may 
      trigger cell death under certain pathological conditions, including cancer. 
      Autophagy dysfunction is one of the main mechanisms underlying Cd-induced 
      cytotoxicity. In this review, the toxic effects of Cd-induced autophagy on 
      different human organ systems were evaluated, with a focus on hepatotoxicity, 
      nephrotoxicity, respiratory toxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review also 
      highlighted the classical molecular pathways of Cd-induced autophagy, including 
      the ROS-dependent signaling pathways, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, 
      Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 family, and 
      recently identified molecules associated with Cd. Moreover, research directions 
      for Cd toxicity regarding autophagic function were proposed. This review presents 
      the latest theories to comprehensively reveal autophagy behavior in response to 
      Cd toxicity and proposes novel potential autophagy-targeted prevention and 
      treatment strategies for Cd toxicity and Cd-associated diseases in humans.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
FAU - Shao, Yueting
AU  - Shao Y
AD  - Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 
      511436, China.
AD  - School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
FAU - Zheng, Liting
AU  - Zheng L
AD  - Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 
      511436, China.
FAU - Jiang, Yiguo
AU  - Jiang Y
AD  - Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 
      511436, China. jiangyiguo@vip.163.com.
AD  - School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China. 
      jiangyiguo@vip.163.com.
LA  - eng
GR  - 81973086/National Natural Science Foundation of China/
GR  - 2023A1515010542/GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20240126
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Biometals
JT  - Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, 
      biochemistry, and medicine
JID - 9208478
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autophagy
OT  - Cadmium
OT  - Cell fate
OT  - Toxic mechanism
EDAT- 2024/01/26 12:45
MHDA- 2024/01/26 12:45
CRDT- 2024/01/26 11:06
PHST- 2023/08/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/26 12:45 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/26 12:45 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/26 11:06 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Biometals. 2024 Jan 26. doi: 10.1007/s10534-023-00581-y.