PMID- 38280948
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240127
IS  - 1433-8491 (Electronic)
IS  - 0940-1334 (Linking)
DP  - 2024 Jan 27
TI  - Long-term medication for ADHD (LMA) trial: 2-year prospective observational study 
      in children and adolescents. Core symptoms, daily functioning, and comorbidity 
      outcomes.
LID - 10.1007/s00406-023-01744-1 [doi]
AB  - More knowledge is needed about long-term ADHD medication and symptom, daily 
      functioning, comorbidity, and tolerability outcomes. This "Long-term Medication 
      for ADHD (LMA) trial" was a prospective observational 2-year trial in children 
      and adolescents aged 6-18 years (extension of 1-year trial). Participants met 
      criteria for DSM-5 ADHD (inattentive or combined), with complex comorbidities; 
      autism spectrum disorder (31%), autistic traits (24%), oppositional symptoms 
      (59%), anxiety (32%), dyslexia/language disorder (16%), borderline intellectual 
      functioning (17%). Medication was individually tailored and followed-up at 
      clinical visits (1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24 months). Primary outcome: Clinical Global 
      Impression-Severity and Improvement scales (CGI-S, CGI-I). Secondary outcomes: 
      Investigator-rated ADHD-Rating Scale, Weiss Functional Impairment Rating 
      Scale-Parent report (WFIRS-P; Family, School Learning and Behavior, Life Skills, 
      Self-Concept, Social Activities, and Risky Activities domains), comorbidity 
      symptoms and adverse events (AEs). One hundred twenty-eight participants were 
      enrolled (1-year trial only n = 27, LMA trial n = 101). Of these 29 (23%) 
      discontinued, mainly due to AEs (n = 7), moving (n = 7), or no longer needing 
      medication (n = 6). Main AEs were poor appetite, low mood, anxiety, irritability, 
      fatigue. Improvements from baseline to 2 years were large in CGI-S (effect size 
      (ES) 2.28), ADHD-RS (ES 2.06), and moderate to large in WFIRS-P (ES total 0.73, 
      learning 0.4, family 0.67). Overall, the trial showed robust and sustained 
      improvements in ADHD symptom severity and daily functioning over a period of 
      2 years of ADHD medication in children and adolescents with ADHD and complex 
      comorbidities. Most AEs were mild. Comorbidity symptoms were improved after 
      1 year, particularly oppositional symptoms, depression, and anxiety.
CI  - (c) 2024. The Author(s).
FAU - Johnson, M
AU  - Johnson M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5195-3379
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden. mats.johnson@gnc.gu.se.
FAU - Johnels, J Asberg
AU  - Johnels JA
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Ostlund, S
AU  - Ostlund S
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Jakobsson, K
AU  - Jakobsson K
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Hogstedt, J
AU  - Hogstedt J
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Larsson, P Javid
AU  - Larsson PJ
AD  - Habilitation and Health, Region Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Gillberg, C
AU  - Gillberg C
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
FAU - Billstedt, E
AU  - Billstedt E
AD  - Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240127
PL  - Germany
TA  - Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
JT  - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience
JID - 9103030
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ADHD
OT  - Autism
OT  - Comorbidities
OT  - Daily functioning
OT  - Long-term medication
EDAT- 2024/01/28 07:44
MHDA- 2024/01/28 07:44
CRDT- 2024/01/27 23:19
PHST- 2023/04/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/12/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/28 07:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/28 07:44 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/27 23:19 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00406-023-01744-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00406-023-01744-1 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s00406-023-01744-1.