PMID- 38290256
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240226
LR  - 20240408
IS  - 1096-0023 (Electronic)
IS  - 1043-4666 (Linking)
VI  - 176
DP  - 2024 Apr
TI  - Subchronic doses of artemether-lumefantrine, ciprofloxacin and diclofenac 
      precipitated inflammatory and immunological dysfunctions in female Wistar rats.
PG  - 156515
LID - S1043-4666(24)00018-8 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156515 [doi]
AB  - Recents reports have shown increases in the abuse of anti-malaria, antibiotic and 
      analgesic drugs. This study evaluated the effects of co-administration of 
      artemether-lumefantrine (AL), ciprofloxacin (CPX) and diclofenac (DFC) on 
      inflammatory and immunological status of female Wistar rats. Ninety-six female 
      Wistar rats were assigned into eight groups of twelve animals each. Group A was 
      control, groups B, C, D, E, F, G and H were administered AL, CPX, DFC, AL + CPX, 
      AL + DFC, CPX + DFC and AL + CPX + DFC respectively. Dosages of administered 
      drugs were 178 mg/kg b/w of AL, 185 mg/kg b/w of CPX and 9 mg/kg b/w of DFC. 
      Animals were sacrificed after 6 and 12 weeks of oral administration. Blood was 
      obtained through cardiac puncture. The liver was harvested and processed for 
      immunohistochemical analysis. Differential leukocyte count and neutrophil 
      adhesion test was conducted on whole blood. Immunological response was assessed 
      by the serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1beta (Il-1beta), 
      interleukin-6 (Il-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular cell 
      adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), myeloperoxidase, and total immunoglobulin G. Data 
      were analyzed with Graph pad prism 5, using one way analysis of variance at 5 % 
      level of significance. Total leukocyte, lymphocyte and basophils count increased 
      (p<0.05) in B, C, E, F, G and H, while neutrophil count decreased (p<0.05) in D, 
      E, G and H at 6 weeks. Neutrophil adhesion decreased (p<0.05) in B, E, F, G and H 
      at 6 weeks. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the expression of 
      Il-6, MCP-1 and VCAM-1 across the groups. Il-1beta decreased in H, while CRP 
      increased in H at 6 weeks and 12 weeks. MPO activity decreased (p<0.05) in B, C, 
      D, E, G and H at 6 weeks, but increased (p<0.05) in D and G at 12 weeks. 
      Immunohistochemical analysis indicated increase (p<0.05) in tumour necrosis 
      factor-alpha in liver tissues of B, C, D, E, F and G, while nuclear factor erythroid 
      2-related factor 2 increased (p<0.05) in C, D, E, F and G, but decreased (p<0.05) 
      in H at 12 weeks. The co-administration of AL, CPX and DFC induced inflammatory 
      responses with attendant immunological dysfunctions and liver damage.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Oluwafunmilayo Ajayi, Juliana
AU  - Oluwafunmilayo Ajayi J
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola 
      University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Electronic address: 
      joajayi33@pgschool.lautech.edu.ng.
FAU - Bukoye Oyewo, Emmanuel
AU  - Bukoye Oyewo E
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola 
      University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Electronic address: 
      eboyewo@lautech.edu.ng.
FAU - Sanmi Adekunle, Adeniran
AU  - Sanmi Adekunle A
AD  - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola 
      University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Electronic address: 
      asadekunle@lautech.edu.ng.
FAU - Temidayo Ige, Peace
AU  - Temidayo Ige P
AD  - Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkin University, Baltimore, MD, United 
      States.
FAU - Ayomide Akomolafe, Peter
AU  - Ayomide Akomolafe P
AD  - Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic, Ayede, Oyo 
      state, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20240129
PL  - England
TA  - Cytokine
JT  - Cytokine
JID - 9005353
RN  - 0 (Antimalarials)
RN  - 144O8QL0L1 (Diclofenac)
RN  - 0 (Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination)
RN  - 5E8K9I0O4U (Ciprofloxacin)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1)
RN  - C7D6T3H22J (Artemether)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Rats
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - *Antimalarials
MH  - Diclofenac/pharmacology
MH  - Artemether, Lumefantrine Drug Combination
MH  - Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology
MH  - Interleukin-6
MH  - Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
MH  - Artemether
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Artemether-lumefantrine
OT  - Ciprofloxacin
OT  - Diclofenac
OT  - Immunological dysfunctions
OT  - Inflammatory responses
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2024/01/31 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/26 06:44
CRDT- 2024/01/30 18:06
PHST- 2023/11/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/01/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2024/01/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/02/26 06:44 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/31 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/30 18:06 [entrez]
AID - S1043-4666(24)00018-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156515 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Cytokine. 2024 Apr;176:156515. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156515. Epub 2024 Jan 29.