PMID- 38292952
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240201
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 12
DP  - 2023 Dec
TI  - Allergic Rhinitis: Tailoring Immunotherapy Through Innovative Diagnostics.
PG  - e51370
LID - 10.7759/cureus.51370 [doi]
LID - e51370
AB  - Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic ailment triggered by immunoglobulin E 
      (IgE)-mediated reactions to allergens. Generally, AR is accompanied by asthma and 
      conjunctivitis. The risk factors of AR include both inhalant and occupational 
      allergens and genetic factors. Although AR is not a life-threatening condition, 
      it poses a significant risk of morbidity and hampers work-related performance. 
      Currently, the diagnosis of AR is based on clinical history and physical 
      examination of the patients. Furthermore, several laboratory tests such as skin 
      pricking test (SPT), nasal allergen challenge (NAC), and computed tomography (CT) 
      are also recommended in some cases. Nasal cytology can aid in the differentiation 
      of rhinitis because of allergy or infection. Apart from this, molecular 
      diagnostic modalities such as basophil activation test (BAT) and Immune 
      Solid-Phase Allergy Chip (ISAC) can also be employed for the confirmatory 
      diagnosis of AR. Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in the management of AR, 
      with only mild side effects. With the advancement in the diagnostic realm of AR, 
      personalized treatment approach has also gained significant popularity. 
      Immunotherapy is gaining evidence on becoming a personalized treatment approach 
      for the management of AR. This article provides a comprehensive overview, aiming 
      to bridge the gap between evolving diagnostics and personalized therapeutic 
      strategies for allergic rhinitis.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023, Abushal et al.
FAU - Abushal, Bandar A
AU  - Abushal BA
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology, Ministry of Health, Makkah, SAU.
FAU - Bormah, Abdullah
AU  - Bormah A
AD  - College of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.
FAU - Alghamdi, Malak
AU  - Alghamdi M
AD  - Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Albaha University, Al Baha, 
      SAU.
FAU - Tubaigi, Yahay S
AU  - Tubaigi YS
AD  - Department of Medicine, Eradah Mental Health Complex, Jeddah, SAU.
FAU - Alomari, Amal
AU  - Alomari A
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 
      Jeddah, SAU.
FAU - Khan, Safwan N
AU  - Khan SN
AD  - College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, 
      Jeddah, SAU.
FAU - Alhafez, Nouryah A
AU  - Alhafez NA
AD  - Department of Medicine, Alfarabi College, Riyadh, SAU.
FAU - Aladni, Ibrahim S
AU  - Aladni IS
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20231230
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC10825500
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - allergens
OT  - ar: allergic rhinitis
OT  - inflammation
OT  - molecular diagnostics
OT  - personalized medicine (pm)
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2024/01/31 06:42
MHDA- 2024/01/31 06:43
PMCR- 2023/12/30
CRDT- 2024/01/31 04:18
PHST- 2023/12/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2024/01/31 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/01/31 06:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/01/31 04:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/12/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.51370 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2023 Dec 30;15(12):e51370. doi: 10.7759/cureus.51370. eCollection 2023 
      Dec.