PMID- 38310819 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20240226 LR - 20240226 IS - 1090-2414 (Electronic) IS - 0147-6513 (Linking) VI - 272 DP - 2024 Mar 1 TI - Associations of prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fetal sex hormones in the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort Study: Greater effect of long-chain PFAS. PG - 116054 LID - S0147-6513(24)00129-5 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116054 [doi] AB - Fetal sex hormone homeostasis disruption could lead to reproductive and developmental abnormalities. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the association of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure with fetal sex hormone levels. A total of 277 mother-infant pairs from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort Study between 2015 and 2019 were selected. We quantified nine PFAS in maternal serum in early pregnancy, and detected three sex hormones, namely, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4) and testosterone (TT), in cord blood. The generalized linear model (GLM) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used for single- and multiple-exposure analyses, respectively. In the GLM, there was no significant association between an individual PFAS and any hormone level or the E2/TT ratio, but a negative association between perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoA) exposure and P4 levels in female infants was observed after stratification by sex. In the BKMR, a mixture of nine PFAS was positively associated with E2 levels and the E2/TT ratio, with the same main contributors, i.e., perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnA). And PFAS mixtures were not associated with P4 or TT levels. After stratification by infant sex, positive associations of PFAS mixtures with E2 levels and the E2/TT ratio were observed only in male infants, with the same main contributors, i.e., PFUnA. There was a positive association between PFAS mixtures and P4 levels in male infants, in which PFUnA was the main contributor; but a reverse association between PFAS mixtures and P4 levels in female infants, in which PFDoA was the main contributor. This study suggested that prenatal exposure to PFAS mixtures is associated with fetal sex hormones, and long-chain PFAS may play an important role in this association. Furthermore, sex differences in the association of maternal PFAS exposure with E2 and P4 levels need additional attention. CI - Copyright (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. FAU - Liao, Qian AU - Liao Q AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Huang, Huishen AU - Huang H AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Tang, Peng AU - Tang P AD - Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China. FAU - Liang, Jun AU - Liang J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Chen, Jiehua AU - Chen J AD - Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Mu, Changhui AU - Mu C AD - Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Pan, Dongxiang AU - Pan D AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Lv, Fangfang AU - Lv F AD - Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Zhou, Lihong AU - Zhou L AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Long, Jinghua AU - Long J AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Chen, Qian AU - Chen Q AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Zeng, Xiaoyun AU - Zeng X AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China. FAU - Liu, Shun AU - Liu S AD - Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Huang, Dongping AU - Huang D AD - Department of Microbiology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. FAU - Qiu, Xiaoqiang AU - Qiu X AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China. Electronic address: xqqiu9999@163.com. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20240203 PL - Netherlands TA - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf JT - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety JID - 7805381 RN - 0 (Gonadal Steroid Hormones) RN - 3XMK78S47O (Testosterone) RN - 0 (perfluoroundecanoic acid) RN - 0 (Fluorocarbons) RN - P6G1J7NM2D (perfluorododecanoic acid) RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Alkanesulfonic Acids) RN - 0 (Fatty Acids) RN - 0 (Lauric Acids) SB - IM MH - Pregnancy MH - Infant MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Female MH - Cohort Studies MH - *Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects MH - Bayes Theorem MH - China MH - Gonadal Steroid Hormones MH - Testosterone MH - *Fluorocarbons/toxicity MH - *Environmental Pollutants/toxicity MH - *Alkanesulfonic Acids MH - *Fatty Acids MH - *Lauric Acids OTO - NOTNLM OT - Birth cohort OT - Combined effect OT - Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances OT - Sex hormone OT - Sex-specific COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2024/02/05 00:42 MHDA- 2024/02/26 06:44 CRDT- 2024/02/04 18:09 PHST- 2023/08/10 00:00 [received] PHST- 2024/01/07 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2024/01/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2024/02/26 06:44 [medline] PHST- 2024/02/05 00:42 [pubmed] PHST- 2024/02/04 18:09 [entrez] AID - S0147-6513(24)00129-5 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116054 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2024 Mar 1;272:116054. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116054. Epub 2024 Feb 3.