PMID- 38320591
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20240208
LR  - 20240208
IS  - 1462-0332 (Electronic)
IS  - 1462-0324 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - SI
DP  - 2024 Feb 6
TI  - Antiphospholipid syndrome pathogenesis in 2023: an update of new mechanisms or 
      just a reconsideration of the old ones?
PG  - SI4-SI13
LID - 10.1093/rheumatology/kead603 [doi]
AB  - Antibodies against phospholipid (aPL)-binding proteins, in particular, beta 2 
      glycoprotein I (beta2GPI), are diagnostic/classification and pathogenic antibodies 
      in antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). beta2GPI-aPL recognize their target on 
      endothelium and trigger a pro-thrombotic phenotype which is amplified by 
      circulating monocytes, platelets and neutrophils. Complement activation is 
      required as supported by the lack of aPL-mediated effects in animal models when 
      the complement cascade is blocked. The final result is a localized clot. A strong 
      generalized inflammatory response is associated with catastrophic APS, the 
      clinical variant characterized by systemic thrombotic microangiopathy. A two-hit 
      hypothesis was suggested to explain why persistent aPL are associated with acute 
      events only when a second hit allows antibody/complement binding by modulating 
      beta2GPI tissue presentation. beta2GPI/beta2GPI-aPL are also responsible for obstetric 
      APS, being the molecule physiologically present in placental/decidual tissues. 
      Additional mechanisms mediated by aPL with different characteristics have been 
      reported, but their diagnostic/prognostic value is still a matter of research.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please 
      email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
FAU - Raschi, Elena
AU  - Raschi E
AD  - Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 
      Milan, Italy.
FAU - Borghi, Maria Orietta
AU  - Borghi MO
AD  - Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 
      Milan, Italy.
AD  - Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, 
      Italy.
FAU - Tedesco, Francesco
AU  - Tedesco F
AD  - Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 
      Milan, Italy.
FAU - Meroni, Pier Luigi
AU  - Meroni PL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3394-1451
AD  - Immunorheumatology Research Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 
      Milan, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - Italian Ministry of Health/
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Rheumatology (Oxford)
JT  - Rheumatology (Oxford, England)
JID - 100883501
RN  - 0 (Antibodies, Antiphospholipid)
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - 0 (beta 2-Glycoprotein I)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Female
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Antiphospholipid Syndrome/complications
MH  - Antibodies, Antiphospholipid
MH  - Placenta/pathology
MH  - Autoantibodies
MH  - Complement Activation
MH  - *Thrombosis/etiology
MH  - beta 2-Glycoprotein I
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - anti-phospholipid syndrome
OT  - beta2 glycoprotein I
OT  - complement
OT  - endothelium
OT  - inflammation
OT  - miscarriages
OT  - monocytes
OT  - neutrophils
OT  - platelets
OT  - thrombosis
EDAT- 2024/02/07 00:42
MHDA- 2024/02/08 06:43
CRDT- 2024/02/06 19:03
PHST- 2023/10/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2024/02/08 06:43 [medline]
PHST- 2024/02/07 00:42 [pubmed]
PHST- 2024/02/06 19:03 [entrez]
AID - 7601823 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/rheumatology/kead603 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rheumatology (Oxford). 2024 Feb 6;63(SI):SI4-SI13. doi: 
      10.1093/rheumatology/kead603.